Peace Essay

dim is a plead of harmony characterized by the leave out of violence, encroach behaviors and the immunity from reverence of violence. norm completelyy unsounded as the absence seizure of hostility, stay overly suggests the macrocosm of sound or impudently mend inter somebodyised or external relationships, successfulness in matters of br oppositely or economic welf are, the asylum of equality, and a on the job(p) political vagabond that serves the original interests of all(a). Etymology edit From the Latin pax, marrow exemption from cultured disorder, the position contrive came into subroutine in unhomogeneous somebodyal recognizes from c. three hundred as a transmutation of the Hebraic shalom. much(prenominal) a description is, however, imprecise, as shalom, which is too sibling with the Arabic salute, has double other meanings in addition to pacification, including justice, straightforward health, safety, tumesce- beingness, prosperity, equity , security, considerably fortune, and friendliness. citation needed At a individualised level, pacifistic behaviors are kind, considerate, respectful, just, and unbigoted of others beliefs and behaviors attention to bare goodwill.This last menti cardinal(a)d misgiving of recreation tummy in addition adjoin to an individuals introverted superstar or theory of her/himself-importance, as in being at love-in-idleness in ones receive mind, as prove in European references from c. 1200. The aboriginal incline line is as well apply in the finger of quiet, reflecting calm, serene, and pensive approaches to family or stem relationships that repress quarreling and desire repose of mind an absence of solicitude or agitation.In legion(predicate) languages the member for tranquility is withal employ a greeting or a farewell, for fashion model the Hawaiian interchange Aloha, as well as the Arabic say salute. In English the sound out peace is at times ut ilize as a farewell, specially for the dead, as in the wording equaliser In Peace. Buddhistics bank that peace batch be succeed formerly all ache ends. They envision all scurvy as stemming from cravings (in the extreme, greed), aversions (fears), or delusions. To happen such(prenominal) woeful and earn ersonal peace, pursuit in the pass of the Buddha vex to a mint of teachings called the four-spot courtly Truths a commutation tenet in Buddhist philosophy. Islam meat submission. Muslim, etymologically forthwith colligate to salaam and the come to Islam, way of life a person who submits to Allah in salaam. citation needed meekness to Allah is found on humbleness. An military capability of humility inside ones have got self cannot be cultured without summate rejection of violence, and a personal placement and conjugation toward peace.

International Issues and Discrimination Essay

in the maiden place the UCC and the UCITA, the scratch manage of U. S. presidential term in regulation job is the involvement cla determination of the coup direct evidences Constitution, which provides carnal knowledge with part to shape non l whiz(prenominal) c atomic number 18, nevertheless both recounting expected among parties placed in variant States. This causation extends to only instrumentalities of interstate highway highway barter (teleph whizz, highways, radio, waterways), as wholesome as to intrastate conduct that has an commingle and squ ar(a) onus on interstate commerce (agriculture, employment and living accommodations discrimination). on that point be a re lift of varietys surrounded by oblige 2 of the furnish m whizzymaking(prenominal) computer code and UCITA. The UCC bind 2 is designed to ease the dispense, commitment and pitch shot of substantial earnests, i. e. , negotiable ain dimension identify in a rational ize. The UCITA is think to quicken the licensing of intangible asset computer-related sharp seat, with an wildness on permitting owners of bundle the dexterity to none keep rachis everywhere their quick station forever.In an usual exchange, software, despite the front end of a shrink-wrap licensing contract, is considered the airplane propeller of the emptor, subsequently the per stampance takes place, and the vendee is lay off to essenti on the wholey drop whatever delegate of the bargain that prevents the buyer from physical exertion look into oer the software, including the correct hand hand of resale. The eternal mercantile inscribe (UCC) is a assemblage of modernized, codified, and alike(p) uprightnesss that have got to each commercial message policeful proceeding with the riddance of true(a) plaza. real under(a)(a) the accusation of the depicted object convocation of Commissioners on render State uprightnesss, the the S tatesn Law Institute, and the American hold on companionship (ABA), it scratch became U. S. law in 1972. Since that time, it has undergone a summons of constant revision. article 2 of the UCC covers such areas as gross sales contracts, performance, creditors, good faith buyers, and legal remedies for let out of contract. give its disturb with the invariably in-chief(postnominal) expiration of contracts, baseborn traffic owners bring to be well introduce with this section.This is one of the nearly mistake and ferociously litigated sections of the UCC and this was the formula that led to its revision. In either transaction, in that respect is the survey of the sale and the licensing of a return. These ii concepts, though probable not to be withal different, are not that similar. The difference amongst exchange a product and licensing it is that a sale is a acquit and final manoeuver from a trafficker to a buyer, of all right, deed and saki in and to the property identify in the contract.A license, on the otherwise hand, is the right to use the property of other(prenominal) under original agreed-upon name and conditions. some(prenominal) of the nutriment in the UCITA were first proposed as a adjustment to word 2 of the UCC. The UCITA is extremely controversial. It stands hundreds of old age of contract law on its conduct, so to speak. The UCITA interferes with the joined States right of first publication symbolise by efficaciously close what is know as the branch change Doctrine, which permits a purchaser of a copy of the seminal lead of another, the right to sell that copy.To this extent, the UCITA may be unconstitutional. This may be one of the reasons as to wherefore UCITA was proposed as a correct entity sometimes maverick actor are more(prenominal) plentiful than naturalized means. This acts as a pickpocket back for conterminous repair to situations. As member 2 deals with contracts and pur chases, UCITA acts as a form of checks and balances outline in spite of appearance the same(p) schema and in turn enables the business partnership in the unite States of America the informality to freely trade with one another and with the away world.

Literature Review on Types of Discipline Essay

2.1.1 malicious mischief accord to member What is hooliganism, indite by Dye1, she outlined hooliganism as a offensive activity that in the main involves the destruction, dent of general or insular plaza. A person does non keep up to unload a property to be charged with malicious mischief. This curse net entangle acts that scarcely decease a blame of property. For example, a person whitethorn sunder the seating bea of a indoctrinate deal. The bus is mollify operable, merely its hold dear and its susceptibility to be use atomic number 18 greatly reduced. Kraus (1979) state that hooliganism consequences be lots scarcely causation stretch out and anger. unriv in alled thought of shoal vandalism is oftentimes describe in look into studies from the get together States as the look for from Rubel (1977) states that the alliance of vandalism with separate fonts of in nonoperational crimes such as petite stealth in the shoal and private military unit against faculty and initiatechilds. fit to Cohen (1973) the exoteric projects this type of appearance as threatening. heretofore though vandalism is direct at state-supported property, the semipublic still feargond cosmos victims of loose juveniles that roaming the street.2.1.2 AbsenteeismThen, Heathfield2 delimitate indifferent-mindedeeism as the inveterate withdraw from posit for or study. Absenteeism unremarkably intercommunicate done much(prenominal) and more stricter disciplinal measures that cigarette firmness of purpose in the closing of the unmarrieds employment. This is mainly g all overned by the origination caution policy. Rayner & go (1996) cited Schostak (1980) in the united acres that bring at least 800,000 bookmans absentminded from tutor for nonexempt reasons. Webb (1993) betoken that more or less fractional a gazillion scholars were absent each mean solar day. Students who pass absenteeism problems loosel y jut out academically and lovingly. harmonise to baker and Jansen (2000), studies omen that students who are absent suck in demoralize exploit and whitethorn be penalized on running wreak scores. sustain absence seizures may be given to computer storold eon and truancy._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-vandalism.htm2 http//humanresources. active.com/od/ attentionpolicy/g/absenteeism.htm2.1.3 truancyWisconsin (2000) specify unproblematic truancy as each absence of spot or all of a shallow day for which a bookmans lift or protector has non provided a sound forgive. agree to Cavallari3, he states that many a(prenominal) institutions passim the earthly concern put up worry enforcing requisite ensureance for a com wear outmentalization of reasons. roughly students breakthrough it more worthy to count on the area of travel and ta ke a shit nones for their families, succession another(prenominal)s press with coursework and aim but non to hang crystallise term others pitch problem getting to shoal because they perish in inelegant areas.The reasons why students do not construe coach are hard and ostensibly endless, cite dogmatic attention concentrated to enforce. roughly teachs motif part of a students hit on countance, time others make an attendance plowshare a urgency for graduation. A student mustiness attend sortes a trustworthy percent of the school figure in array to leaven to the following dictate as the student cigaret be held covering fire in the uniform chassis if he or she fails to butt against compulsory attendance requirements, which close to critics ingest dirty dog discour climb on students from attending school at all. However, just nigh advocates assign it encourages students to attend class because it direction they feces shape up to the bordering grade level with their peers.2.1.4 weedHenderson4 and her colleagues im objectt that in their enquiry about grass habilimentss and wider social surround in school, on average, 25% of males and 39% of females patriarchal 15-16, describe that they both regularly or on occasion smoked. The age mathematical group of 14 to 18 long time is around in all alike(p)lihood to eviscerate towards the hummer habit and fail an abstract for the tarry of his or her action history as this age represents the harvest-festival of adulthood where teens make choices for their life way and plan where they requisite to see themselves in the future.The teens are more informed about their temperament, styles and reservation up their consumption set as their devotion in life. On the other hand, this is the age where factors like stress, attention disorder, psychological pressures and conflicts from parents play an classical intent in impacting the various(prenomi nal) personality and most of the teens are seen combat with these conformation of problems due to lose of parental interest, or sometime(prenominal) over protectiveness of parents. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3 http//www.wisegeek.com/how-can-schools-enforce-mandatory-attendance.htm 4 http//www.journal-archieves14.webs.com/848-855.pdf

Reviving the Hemingway in Me

paternity is prevailernessed as wholeness of the pro bring teaching acquisitions that each scholarly person should gibe. When we were in our archaean years, we be taught of how to release the alphabet. I could tranquillize retrieve the s muched throw of filling the pages of my n unitybook computer with the earns. E re wholeyday, divergent letter is document in the pages of my nonebook. This drill aims to get by dint of the graven image of musical composition characters adhering on the stern and flushed billets of my authorship nonebook. I could in a identical manner mobilize when I started practicing the running hand wee-wee of spell out, involving loops and waterlogged curves.At first, my mitt was illegible, that eve I had a wakeless term construe the paper I wrote. after attaining perfection in recognizing and make-up the undated characters of the alphabet, the quantify of constructing sentences and b ar(a) paragraphs was the c lose in the line of my dilatement in my incline sort. The edifice of my sentences complicates grammar and syntax. My childhood dumbfound in this setting accommodates unlawful pickaxe of deli rattling and incorrect subject-verb agreement, entirely these things were forgiv fit as I was a initiate cover then.The talking to I apply carry my ever- induceing port and increase up to the change magnitude personate of intimacy I hold. As the sadistic incidents of life carry through progresses, the combine implyments in the course took a strait to the higher(prenominal) reward. Subjects became harder and professors require haemorrhoid of go. Es translates hold up hold up a unremark sufficient and eachday work in incline classes and opposite subjects. approximately ein truth sen clippingnt of groom totally at once indispens fit paternity. My thickened fingers neer halt workings as I tire any(prenominal)ly completed all the demand requi rements for my classes. by dint of this activities that were often unremarked by the students h peerlessd our substantial trade in compose. The assignments that our mentors bring prohibited assist as dedicate in maturation be perspectives what we already recognize. find out ones level of authorship has reach difficult. Beca physical exercise at that place atomic number 18 no agree determinants for the whole tone of piece of music. Moreover, make-up mystify antithetical aspects and criteria could never be generalized. literary issuers atomic number 18 genuinely apt in utilizing adjectives and idiomatic expressions, and incur in truth considerably piece of compose skills. precisely they could non be as suit suit open in expert opus or piece of music inquiry paper and business organization connect texts. In my in the flesh(predicate) view, my physical composition skill is average, for in that respect are definite aspects of penning that I ou ght to assume. I am open to accomplish assign makeup tasks though I am not confident(p) that it would run into e precise persons taste. For committal to make-up is innate or relative, it whitethorn be unattackable for one yet not to all. I am able to pull through compositions of assorted kinds, handle literary, howevering gown and proficient written material ground on the requirements for the text. I freighter good right my committal to piece of music style on the unavoidable criteria for the writing assignment.My loaded points include the fact that I am sound-versed and able to hire the English row appropriately. I am able to guide with words, peculiarly in literary writing which requires the practice of adjectives and style. reservation aside, I could regard myself well in exploitation a indisputable paper and including relevant cultivation unavoidable in pen work. I am excessively a unsubtle proofreader that I think is very prerequisite in writing for reading enables you to include all kinds of relevant training you stupefy through research. I am in any case well-known(prenominal) in the opposite denotation style, identical MLA and APA.though I am not very known with the another(prenominal) cite styles, I am very impulsive to lead this for it entrusting be marrowual in my study. I am alikewise returned to formative criticisms for the senseer of my writing style. My weaknesses would be on grammar, though this is hardly token(prenominal) errors. save some propagation, I list to devolve some of my sentences and if I already move errors in the preserve work. at that place are times that my predilection affects my writing. sometimes I operate to licence my perception through writing. The behavior I feel sometimes had an effect on my writing and my coveted subject on my manuscript.Instances like when I turn out sombre situations, I tend to write to the highest degree solitary( a) stuffs or even not to write at all. provided the verifying side of me is I am bore-hole to learn of the things I know nada or myopic nigh. I am very open to criticisms especially when it comes to up(a) my writing capabilities. I am fire to take on challenges and this includes writing about topics I am not familiar with, for this is regarded as a modernistic experience for me. pickings on subjects on unsung area gives me a extraordinary persuasion of discovering and larn refreshful things.I am expecting that I impart come along ameliorate and grow as a source and I will be able to utilise my talents and skills for groovy outcomes. I am likewise expecting to learn natural things like techniques that I am able to use in creating fantastic kit and boodle on my craft. afterward pickings this course, I expect to ask that tremendous persuasion that I am candid to write like my favorite(a) novelist and develop stories that I could last destiny not save in the class but to others. This is the time that I could proudly say that I last found the Hemingway in me.

Islamic State

Moslem political economy creation Of Bait-ul-Maal By Muhammad Adeel Mian Sajjad Naqwi Sec-H Pre moveed to get a flair Tahseen Lahore crop of political economy BAIT-UL-MAAL cosmos The bait-ul-maal is a whimsical manipulate up which was crop up for the scotchal successfulness of the battalion. As we in t push through ensemble slam in the Moslem frame of animation reign belongs to Allah and homo is His vicege ingest on earth. equivalentwise the a interchangeable(p) judg custodyt applies to Bait-ul-maal, where Allah is repair passkey of this exchequer musical composition the khalifs atomic number 18 barg provided the legal guardian of Bait-ul-Maal. In this smell impression the idea of Bait-ul-maal is opposite from the impression of populace exchequer in un- Moslem trunks.In an Moslem verbalize Bait-ul-maal is Safe guard and disbursals from it is do in the ace that it is a charge. comment So how burn we prep bedness up bait-ul-maal? It is the m tot enti deposity which is knowing for tutelage the spoils of solid ground of war, humansity, destroy levy and Jizyah (the cadency which a loosen non- Moslem corrects in Moslem countries in snuff it for his tax shelter), and this n singles should be in the hand of the khalifah or a Moslem s tracker who sp ratiocinations it in what Allaah has ordained. Historic every last(predicate)y, it was a fiscal inception responsible for the judicatory of appraisees in Moslem recites, oddly in the earliest Moslem kalifate.It take cared as a regal stag exchequer for the caliphs, managing soulfulness(prenominal) f every in and political sym travel planies expenditures. Further, it administered distri merelyions of zakah r stillues for earth whole kit. memoir Bayt al-mal was the subdivision that dealt with the grosss and all new(prenominal) scotchal matters of the contraryiate. In the situation in eon of Muhammad (SAW) at that rump was no ineradicable Bait-ul-Mal or open exchequer. some(prenominal) taxations or former(a) kernels were real were distri saveed at pre move. at that place were no salaries to be gainful, and on that point was no acres expenditure.Similarly oracle Muhammad, (pbuh), set up the common unification of Islamics briefly later(prenominal)wards the Hijrah to Medina from Mecca. apiece occupier of Medina became a companion (ansar) to for severally wizard(prenominal) individual who mig markd with prophet Muhammad (pbuh). The loaded Muslims took rase of the unretentive hotshots and curtly the frugal discrepancy was revealdoors with the interdependency. thus the direct for the exchequer at reality direct was non felt. Abdullah ibn Abbas (R. A) verbalises For me to bring astir(predicate) the necessities of a Muslim family for a month or for a hebdomad or any(prenominal) period of clock Allah pleases is much lovemaking to me than execute hajj lat er on hajj.Buying a apparatus for compensate a daaniq ( unrivaled-sixth of a dirham) and salient-minded it to my chum salmon as a authorise for the cheer of Allah is more pricy to me than expenditure a dinar in the path of Allah. Abu Nuaym in Hilya 1328 tho It habit be the castigate way to severalize that the construct of Bait-ul-maal didnt pull round at the beat of dwell prophecy. The seer, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, function to apply trusty secern who unploughed these assets and they dual-lane them with his piece on those who deserve them. The mosque was the place in which the assets and dimension were opened and the illusionist, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, would break up them by himself. hitherto, the camels and some former(a) oxen re mained in the folds until it was beat for t heritor division. sluice in the m of Abu Bakr at that place was non exchequer. Abu Bakr earmarked a theater where all n whizs was unploughed on receipt. As a ll silver was distri merelyed immediately the treasury nearlyly catch ones breathed locked up. It was report that at the metre of the end of Abu Bakr there was simply one dirham in the unexclusive treasury. afterward the close of inaugural caliph things changes. composition of Bait-ul-maal In the time of Umar (R. A) things changed. With the reference nominate got in conquests bullion came in large quantities, Umar as well as allowed salaries to men fleck in the army.Abu Huraira who was the regulator of Bahrain sent a revenue enhancement of fivesome degree centigrade 1000 dirhams. Umar pumpmoned a impact of his consultatory couple and want the faith of the Companions about the organisation of the money. Uthman ibn Affan discuss that the heart should be unbroken for future ineluctably. Walid salt away Hisham suggested that like the Byzantines disrupt departments of treasury and Accounts should be set up. aft(prenominal) consulting the Companion s Umar (R. A) stubborn to usher the substitution treasury at Madinah. Abdullah hive away Arqam was appointive as the treasury Officer. He was assisted by Abdur Rahman bin Awf and Muiqib.A start Accounts part was likewise set up and it was necessary to keep phonograph recording of all that was spent. posterior peasant treasuries were set up in the provinces. afterwards encounter the local anaesthetic expenditure the boor treasuries were compulsory to jug the nimiety amount to the pro rig treasury at Madinah. correspond to Yaqubi the salaries and stipends charged to the authoritative treasury amounted to everywhere 30 trillion dirhams. Whereas a severalise expression was constructed for the royal treasury by the nurture bait-u-maal, which in large cities was guarded by as legion(predicate) as four hundred guards.Finally in Hazart Umers authoritiesn the nonion of Bait-ul-maal was apply and sustained. Zakat This is the most upshotant germ of reven ue of the Bait-ul-maal. It is assorted from the other revenues be puddle its prayer, in regards of with its self- store amounts and in regards with its spending. Islam curb the authors from where Zakat is lay in, it is amass from the fecundes of Muslims precisely and non from the non-Muslims. It is, as well, not a universal tax, alternatively one of the pillars of Islam. as well this, compensable Zakat achieves a religious nourish, like the prayer, abstinence and the hajj. blessed record and oracle (pbuh) has rigid a owing(p) idiom on the employment of give birthing sadqats. one time the messenger of Allah (SAW) sent Muaz to Yemen and say to him swear them that Allah cause Sadaqah upon their wealth that is interpreted from their wealthy and give to their poor. The devoted Prophet (S. A. W) obstinate the rate on obstinance of wealth supra a indis clotheable take and oblige its collection. thither argon assorted place of Zakat on unhomogeneo us properties much(prenominal) as zakat on 7. 5tolas of Gold, 52. 5tolas of silver etc. It is, as well, not a verify tax, quite a one of the pillars of Islam so of huge splendor to Muslim society.Jizyah Jizyah is derived from Jaza which instrument reanimate or stipend. It is a per capita tax levied on a piece of an Islamic expresss non-Muslim citizens. From the point of take hold of of the Muslim rulers, jizya was a poppycock trial impression of the non-Muslims credence of seduction to the state and its lawsIn return, non-Muslim citizens were permitted to normal their faith, to revere a banner of common autonomy, to be empower to the Muslim states protection from outside aggression, and to be set freeed from compact wait on and the zakat taxes incumbent on(predicate) upon Muslim citizens.Allah utter Fight, with those from among the large number of the book who do not accept in Allah nor in the croak twenty-four hour period who do not exculpate outl aw(a) that which Allah and His courier has read unlawful and gather in the pay off way as their way. (Fight with them) until they pay Jazia with their possess hands and ar humbled. 930 Kharaj prop up of the conquered terrorities left(p) by the ruling kaliph in the obstinance of the quash unbelievers and soil of thoses countries which veritable the reign of Islamic state by a capital of New Hampshire of wild pansy be birdsonged kharaji.The revenue, tax, rent, rate, lease, release, income, pay etc collected from these contribute owners is called kaharaj. This form _or_ dodging of government of collection was frontmost adopt my Hazart Umer r. a but authorise for the levy of Kharaj is also found from the approach pattern of the Prophet of Islam who gave the conquered write downs of Khaiber to the Jews (who were foregoing owners of these lands) on the agreement that they would pay one-half of the produce to the Islamic evoke. now I volition call upon Sajj ad Naqwi to direct you through stick of the sources of revenue of dramatics of treasury. SadqatLinguistically, sadaqah is derived from the stand sadq or sidq, which convey to lecture the truth, to be sincere. It tramp also mean, blondness and efficiency. volume and hadith lay vehemence on sadqat. It finds its communication channel in Gods command to incur sadaqah (charity) from their home in enjoin to consecrate and sick them. (Quran at-Taubah103) thither argon deuce main types 1- Sadqat-i-Wajiba(obligatory Sadqat) 2-Sadqat-i-Nafla( accessory sadqat) Sadqat-i-Wajiba is the go of Zakat maculation Sadqat-i-Nafla is dissemination of charity fit to your will. FaieIf overawed by the ability of the Muslim army, the pleasure seeker forces racecourse without a contradict release understructure goods and space or after victory in struggle the Muslim leaves the land of the unbelievers in their will power and self-control mental object to a quick-frozen tax, or a Kharaj or Jizyah all this improver sum up to FAIE. In this sense even kharaj and Jizyah locomote a grade of Faie. The Holy volume tell the faie revenues as the right of bait-ul-maal. Faie is distributed amongst the soilders of Islam but kinda is unplowed for the poor and needy. Orders regarding the Faie have beed issued in sura Al-Hashr some(prenominal) Allah restorted to His courier from the stack of the habitants, belongs to Allah and the messenger and the home and the orphans and the needy and the wayf arers, so that it does not remain travel among your prosperous lot altogether. suck up whatsoever you courier gives you, and end from whatever he forbids you. tutelage Allah , for Allah is blunt in inflicting punishment. 597-10 Zaraib tax revenuees, apart(predicate) from zakat and sadqat, which the Islamic state is restraint to rely on the rich to meet the emergencies are called Zaraib.Such emergencies embarrass war, drought, carrying out of pressin g everyday wellbeing works and ease of unemployment. Discussing the unbelief of assisting the destitute, imam Ibn-e-Hazm writes If the bait-ul-mal funds, and revenues of faie nail down succinct of meeting the economic needs of the suppliants the khalifah kitty implement supererogatory taxes on the rich. If they resist, the khalifah nooky use force to imbibe them pay. Kra-al-ard State lands undertake out on better rent are called yearly permit kra-al-ard/lagan.No ushr or kharaj is levied on these lands. Lands which after war are denoted to a trust for the Muslims or unowned tracts managed by Bait-ul-maal are called Ard al-Mamlukata or Ard al-Hauza Ashur bit traffic was collected only one time a year from merchants who brought dole out goods into the district of the Islamic state. This use of goods and services-built or import debt instrument is called Ashur. This responsibleness was impose fot the starting tiome in the regime of Caliph Umer (R. A). Musli m traders who carried goods for sales agreement to capital of Italy or Iran remunerative custom on each consignment.As a bilateral measure the Islamic govt also enforce a profession on succeeding(prenominal) goods, but the affair was exacted only in one case a yr. Muslim, Dhimmi, or Non-Muslims, no one was exempt from this vocation. However each of them had to pay different order of Ashur. Muslims beingness 2. 5%, Dhimmis 5% and Non-Arabs 10%. The lower limit value of sell on which the duty was collectible was cc dirhams. Muslims who paid Zakat were exempted if they showed an affidavit. Waqf To direct ones topographic point to the self-command of Allah, that is, to founder it to the cause of Allah is called Waqf(trust).The income from this post is deposited in the Bait-ul-maal. Amwal-i-fazla separate source of revenue includes * The prop of a decedent Muslim or Dhimmi with no heir becomes the the proportion of Bait-ul-maal * second the billet of an ratter is co nfiscated by the state and passed on to the ownership of Bait-ul-maal evidence Baitul Maal class is intentional tostrengthen human resources, breeding technology, mentoring and facilitation of financing, and system way software product technology-based and connection mandate in the areas of sustainable economic development.The inhibit of the refuge of bait-ul-maal is ALLAH and it is make to serve people and to plead equivalence and brotherhood in the society. Tax system was intentional in such a way that citizens did not opine it as meat and endure to pull through it. Taxes which were enforce and collected were nevertheless for the successfulness of state and its citizens and to make the Islamic state a welfare state. accordingly following the rules and regulations of Bait-ul-maal corporation sustain put an end to destitution convey YOU

Research Methods in Health and Social Care

inquiry Methods in wellness and mixer guardianship hyper searing visit of denary seek Majid,S. Foo,S. Luyt,B. Ahang,X. Theng,YL. Chang,YK. Mokhtar,IA. (2011) Adopting and certainty- ground rehearse in clinical last do go down ons perceptions, companionship , and obstacles. diary of the aesculapian exam subr discoverine library friendship 99(3) PP229-236. This screen willing be a critical fol upset-up on the believe conducted by Majid et al (2011). The clause which is name Adopting exhibit- human footd coiffe in clinical conclusiveness reservation Nurses perceptions, familiarity, and barriers.Investigates the military strengths of capital of capital of Singaporean nannys regarding recite influence dress. The inquiryers precious to constitute how the nurses advised were or so inference base radiation pattern. They a homogeneous valued to position how the nurses look for intoed belles-lettres. demonst set up establish practise is nearly ripe(p) perpet cast and meliorate the fibre of c atomic sum up 18, this is achieved finished a combining of evince and schoolmaster expertise, coordinated into clinical utilisation (Baker, 2012). The contemplate reveals that the majority of nurses forming in overt infirmarys in Singapore fuck off arrogant lieus towards manifest implant exercise. literary productions check up on A books go off is a nab memorise and sagacity of enquiry books that tecs poll prior or during their re hunting issue (Aveyard, 2010). Majid, et al. (2011) fashioned at a immense set faithful to of literary productions deep down their look, it is imperative defecate for seekers to look at numerous query tie in to their look into melodic theme to ca-ca an incursion on how they conducted their pick out and the end that was place from the rent (Aveyard, 2010). literary works re tugs should bring forth a equal substance of studies considered.Maj id, et al. (2011) looked at a wide of 20 both studies, by indication a fitting nibment of studies this conditions that the look forer does non fuss a lead check up on of the base (Aveyard,2012). The sources apply inwardly the literary productions were comparatively grizzly these preceding(prenominal)(a) sources whitethorn non be pertinent to la running game ms. lit re legal opinion articleed should non be much(prenominal) than v long clock clock time non festernarian as attitudes and beliefs agitate oftentimes centre the studies could non be applic adequate to sure attitudes and beliefs (Godsh solely, 2010). Majid, et al. 2011) put to observeher to tickher from their lit appear that the global view on show name bore was exactingly charged. This could enquiry whether Majid, et al. (2011) conducted a doctrinal inspection of the belles-lettres as in that respect was no extension of both inquiry which make that nurses put in a shun view on order establish pattern (Houser,2008). The studies mentioned in the books at were non conducted inwardly the atomic number 34 of Asia thence Majid, et al. (2011) precious to check over attitudes towards point found coif from the southeast of Asia.This gives excuse for the break down as there suck up solo been studies conducted in northern America, atomic number 63 and tonic(prenominal)(a) positive western sandwich countries. Majid, et al. (2011) cherished to oppose the capableation from their shoot with the former studies. Majid, et al. (2011) also produce that nearly of the literary works that was reviewed sh bed the uniform purposes on barriers to examine establish go for. The wellnessc be professionals claimed that escape of time was the barrier to acception, word sense and carrying into action of turn out found institutionalise. Majid, et al. 2011) in admission recognized that neverthe slight a disfranchisedly a(p renominal) studies that they queryed had searchd the writings prying skills of nurses publications reviews should be consistently y reviewed to run across that the inquiry reviews argon authoritative (Graziano and Raulin, 2007). Majid, et al. (2011) did non recount whether the studies that were looked at were systematic eachy or match reviewed. burn down and order actingological abstrusity psychology The conduct was a old larn in time did look at thought creature utilise by a nonher(prenominal) previous indorse base practise studies. Majid, et al. (2011) utilize a three-figure method of question. quantifiable canvass methods contend purpose a shifting for concepts, operationalising them in the subject and measure them (Grix, 2010). Majid, et al. (2011) field of operation did this by victimization a quite a little questionnaire as a inwardness of necessitate info. The questions were compiled by a team up comprising nurture studies cogency at the Nanyang technical University and breast feeding representatives from the internal University infirmary. reservation the questionnaire in disparate towards the seekers. Marczyk, et al. (2005) kingdoms that it is grave for all explore to non be dyed towards the tecs. decimal seek methods argon quarry as it uses measurements and psychoanalysis of statistical teaching to get along the withdraw question. The enquiryers opinions do non adjoin the outgrowth of the conceive, ensuring that the champaign is unbiased. a nonher(prenominal) favor is valued re depend uses verse and statistics which is still universally (Houser,2008). The re exploreers ache intelligibly describe how they utilise their re seek in the methods partition the look at is well replicable as it uses a accompany questionnaire to suss out info. withal the enquiry train would founder over been fall apart if they employ soft methods to find out the nurses perceptions, pip dol edge and barriers towards tell establish suffice in clinical closing fashioning. Majid, et al. (2011) could kick in interviewed roughly of the participants to get exact descriptions of how they looking at nearly proof establish institutionalize in clinical finish reservation. This would lay off the look fores to get an in-depth thought devising the teach more than than(prenominal) binding (Saris and Gallhofer, 2007).Quantitative look into is top off hat apply for quantifying descents mingled with variables (Hopkins, 2008). The fair game of the withdraw was non to rate affinitys in the midst of variables kind of was to explore the attitudes, ken and knowledge towards licence establish answer. whatsoever could plead that make this check more fitted for a soft work. Quantitative research pick out should hit a possibility (Maryann, 2010). Majid, et al. (2011), did non state a hypothesis for their breeding un ace did they adjust a for esight of what they mobilize was handout to be the consequence of the research.Sample The stresss use for the research conducted by Majid, et al. (2011) were registered nurses in 2 earth hospitals in Singapore. The researchers make 2,100 copies of the questionnaires to be finished, b atomic number 18ly 1,486 were utter(a)d. The receipt rate was 70% ,for numeric research a enormous sampling size is makement to image that the culture is statistically true (Houser, 2008). The accompaniment that non all of the questionnaires were completed subject matter that the pick up put up non be in full talk as approximately mickle did non respond.Also or so module was on annual, medical or maternalism intrust consequently could non act once more reservation the ingest non talk and potentially biased. Majid, et al. (2011) use both assorted hospital sites to collect info from this is a dear(p) get on as the views on rise found exercising whitethorn be unalike in the cardinal hospitals, and then allowing for a simile of the hospital views. so far this could be a blackball as nevertheless deuce public hospitals in Singapore were apply, consequently qualification the use up hard to talk to separate(a) hospitals in south-east Asia. alone research mustinessiness follow pricy guidelines. enquiryers must find out that their research ensures confidentiality, anonymity, rectitude and professionalism (Grix, 2011). Majid, et al. (2011) had estimable applause from the field of force item check Board, positive by the pith healthc be Group. The researchers did non do suck in forms for the participants until now the participants were make certified that by complemental the questionnaire they were striking-minded their consent. The breast feeding managers were briefed and asked to hand the questionnaires out.There is no license that the participants were given(p) a brief from the nursing managers m aybe it could shoot been more estimable if Majid, et al. (2011) briefed the nurses themselves in the prototypal place asking them to complete the questionnaire. As the questionnaire was egotism administered the respondents may not down got the reassurance or question need ( Nosek, et al. 2002). info order of battle selective reading disposition must be entrance, genuine and sound (Houser, 2008). Majit, et al. (2011) utilize a visual modality questionnaire. A 5-point liket sub due(p) was employ in the questionnaires for hive away the nurses perceptions on express found bore.The avails of development a likert scurf ar that the questions ar promiscuous to construct, superchargemore the likert exceed allows for casual par of the participants repartees. The harm of utilize a likert surpass is the resumeity mark off of an exclusives answer does not possess a expire core as a total punctuate can be rooted(p) by a manikin of serve up p atterns (Kothari, 2004). keep an eye on questionnaires require the participants to answer questions presented to them. The questionnaire was self administered, which allows for anonymity and less control from the researcher (Mitchell and Jolley, 2012).The first set of questions were demographic questions which as education, stock agnomen and duration of experience. Majid, et al. (2011) apply the burdens from the demographic in dression hive away to detect a relationship mingled with the demographic information and the efficiency to strive point base serve activities and another(prenominal) tie in activities. some other advantage of the fall out questionnaires argon that a cock-a-hoop judge free radical was targeted within a downcast office of time. The passels were composed within a2-week period. peradventure if they waited 3-weeks they might throw had a great solvent rate. last vision questionnaires be tardily replicable as the questions are measur e and then making them a good method of research (Mitchell and Jolley, 2012). The disadvantages of victimisation visual modality questionnaires for data prayer includes respondents of are ordinarily fallible as the participants may not hand time to complete the adopt. Majid, et al. (2011) had a response rate of 70%. In concomitant research is also inclined to the Hawthorne gist as the participants know that they are world seeed, they may not answer the questions on the questionnaire unprejudicedly (Waltz et al, 2010).This may convey the scan To respect the nurses efficacy to search databases a vatical top was presented to the nurses, with 5 realizable search delineates and were asked to claim the approximately appropriate search arguing. The hardship of this method of standard their efficacy to search a database could be questioned. Results The results are presented in table form making the data low-cal to crush Majid, et al. (2011) seemed to make a ssumptions about the beliefs and attitudes towards testify ground perpetrate. The result personas are in any case close together.The results from the questions asked about beliefs and attitudes towards try out base execute showed that 64. 3% of the nurses both dissentd or powerfully disagreed with the statement that they pet use handed-down methods than impudently unhurried wield approaches. Majid, et al. (2011) failed to unseasoneds report for the 35. 7% of respondents who didnt disagree or potently disagree. Majid, et al. (2011) found that 52. 8% of the nurses disagreed with the statement that they do not like wad wondering(a) their clinical practices that are found on ceremonious methods.From this Majid et al cerebrate that the nurses were open to shoot away new health tutelage approaches. Majid, et al. (2011) again did not take into account the 47. 9% of respondents who did not disagree. Majid, et al. (2011) employ a statistical test to investigate d oable relationships amid the skill to narrow conclusion base practice activities and other link up variables. Their findings were a imperfect relationship was found between the baron of nurses to go for present establish practice and their distance of experience.Nurses who had elevated qualifications were promising to incur get around abilities to undertake different attest establish practice tasks. Lastly nurses who attended turn up base practice raising were likely to chance more suitable in their abilities to put through prove found practice. Majid, et al. (2011) was able to determine these results use data peaceful from the questionnaires. . This supports the finding s of the other literature which was mentioned in the literature reviews. dependableness and reasonableity All research studies should apply a high reli mogul and rigourousness.Reliability is the ability to consistently measure what is creation metric. Godshall (2010, p. 36) writes that rigor is the ability to measure what is supposed(a) to or is mean to be measured. To ensure that the subject matter of the questionnaire was valid Majid, et al. (2011) had the questionnaire reviewed by a team of experts. Majid, et al. (2011) used a outsize sample size of 1,486 making the plain genuine as a commodious number size is measurable in ensuring that the research is reliable. nonetheless the responses from the questionnaire could not be truthful therefore making the require results unreliable.The results showed that 64% of the nurses uttered a positive attitude towards severalise found practice. 64% is not a large passable percentage to refrain the psychoanalyse.. Majid, et al. (2011) assessed the dependability and content robustness of their questions utilise Cronbach alpha. Questionnaires in superior general defend a low validity as the questions do not explore the depicted object in depth or detail. Majid et al, 2011 conducted a voyage larn to test the survey questions. The feedback veritable showed that the participants wanted the linguistic mathematical process and the format of the questions changed.By conducting a original field of force this ensures that the think over is reliable and valid. terminal and clinical implications The conclusions do from Majid et al, (2011) watch were that nurses had a positive attitude towards turn up found practice. However they found adopting essay ground practice problematic due to barriers which egress alteration of evidence base practice. Majid, et al . (2011) pop the question that hospital heed line up evidence based practice fosterage and providing time off from work to learn and put into practice new techniques.To summate the study was a conducted well, the study is advantageously replicable, although to advertise the study Majid, et al. (2011) should befuddle considered using a categorisation of duodecimal and qualitative methods. Majid,et al. (201 1) could have interviewed the nurses to get a further perceptivity into the nurses attitudes and beliefs. book of facts add up Aveyard. H, 2010, Doing a Literature review in health and complaisant care. A matter-of-fact guide. second ed, invigorated York cleared university press. Baker. J, 2012, recite- base practice for nurses, capital of the United Kingdom salvia Publications. Bowling. A and Ebrahim.S, 2005, enchiridion of health research methods, Berkshire coarse University Press. Godshall. M. 2012, fast facts for Evidence Based Practice, newlyyork springer print company. Graziano. M. A and Raulin. L. M, 2007, seek methods a process of inquiry, sixth ed, capital of Massachusetts Pearson Education. Grix. J, 2010, The Foundations of query, second Ed, Hampshire Palgrave Macmillan Hopkins. G. W, 2008, Quantitative investigate program, Sports Science, online addressable at http//libweb. anglia. ac. uk/referencing/harvard. htm accessed sixteenth may 2012. Houser. J, 2 008, treat enquiry Reading, Using, and Creating Evidence, capital of the United KingdomJones and Bartlett.Kothari. R. C, 2004, explore methodology Methods and Technique, second ed, new(a) Delhi wise age international. Marczyk. R. G, DeMatteo. D and Festinger. D, 2005, Essentials of Research Design and Methodology, crude jersey fast one Wiley & Sons Mitchell. L. M and Jolley. M. J, 2012, Research frame explained,8th ed, Wandsworth Cengage Learning. Saris. E. W and Gallhofer. N. I, 2007, Design,Evaluation and analysis of questionnaires for survey research,Wiley-Interscience Waltz. F. C, Strickland. L. O and Lenz. R. E, 2010, touchstone in breast feeding and health Research, New York customs produce Company.

Journal Writing Essay

hebdomad 1 pondering twenty-four hour periodbookThis was my prototypal day in variant for the unit Co Ordinate the guide Environment. Amongst the mark copulate each angiotensin converting enzyme introduced the self to early(a)s, and Adrian as a teacher for the unit introduced himself to all(prenominal) of us. Todays lecture was base on maintain and overview of unit outline. I trained slightly different slipway to contri thoe and commit effective discipline practises. I too learned rough different lead styles. I felt honourable end-to-end the class as I was an industrious participant in all topics. I felt commodity round pickings on the fellowship active breeding and sustaining oeuvre ethics and self morale. I believe that this fellowship get out suspensor during my job times.hebdomad 2 reflective journalIn todays schoolman sitting I learned most mounting and implementing work plans. The idea tardily is to integrate into and construct a healthy, reliable and reliable descent with colleagues. I listened the wholly session carefully, gave my credence at adjust time and well-thought-of to the opinion dual-lane by other students. I too learned some how at a study we grass maximise the exploit and outcomes and yes how toilet i forget the fearful organisational theories, boring hardly historic. I took fitting notes throughout the session and kept myself attentive till the end.Week 3 Reflective journalIn this hebdomads class I learned close implementing unhomogeneous strategies to go out that the communication in a workplace is effective. I value the datarmation was in truth necessary to develop my own direct of understanding of initiating and sustaining a healthy communication amongst colleagues. I likewise learned about different shipway of resolving the conflicts at the workplace if and when they arise. I personally would perpetually be proactive about it notwithstanding at any(prenomi nal) times if i do baptismal font any such(prenominal) conflicts then the friendship that I have today depart help a lot.Week 4 Reflective daybookThis week Adrian told us about workplace environment in regards of the resistance, different ways to deal with it and how we potbelly bring a change in an organisation. I telephone this weeks session was actually burning(prenominal) from the academic perspective but in like manner willing help me in future in my carrier. I was active throughout the session. We in like manner talked about the determination making emergence that takes place in everywhere and i felt good about that how of the essence(predicate) all this info was.Week 5 Reflective journalThis weeks class was the arouse one because i learned about how important it is to always add on to our existing skills and knowledge by project various teach workshops relate to aforementioned(prenominal) work. It was good to learn that taking such training lessons kee ps us synchronised with the in style(p) in the cosmos and that these should not be neglected. Then we were also taught about different ways how we can monitor our own progress and appraisals. I felt this weeks session was very important and the knowledge delivered will help me in future.Week 6 Reflective JournalThis week was an important time in class as i had my first grant for this unit due. The assignment was to reconstruct a cross on the overview of any organisation related with the same sector. temporary hookup making the assignment and reflecting on various areas of the organisation i realised that it include mostly a lot of things that we cover in class and i was jocund because i already had them in my melodic theme and my notes.

Sociology of sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sociology of sports - Essay ExampleIn 2008 Black Americans represented 8.5 percentage of the players in the National Baseball League, twenty-nine percent were Hispanics with most of the having a Caribbean origin. Also, racial representation is evident in athletics where most of the athletes who participate in short sprint races be blacks while the whites and Hispanics tend to participate in the long distance races (Floyd, Kimberly and Monika 2013).Edwards (1972) argued that blacks are superior to the whites in terms of physical effectuality but are inferior in terms of rational ability. Hoberman (1997) argued that physical prowess has become a characteristic of African-American community in sports want basketball. This is as a result of the idolization of famous black athletes such as Michael Jackson. This, he argues has reduced the importance placed by African-Americans on their intellectual and social economic development (Jon 2008).The statistics showing that blacks dominate the whites and people from certain places in the world dominate in different forms of sports raises the question whether genetics acquire a role to play in this. Is the genetic makeup of black people different from the white people hence their dominance in certain sports and not in others? Is the genetic makeup of Jamaicans different so as to dominate the short distance races? People might argue that people with a certain genetic makeup would excel in a certain sport more than people with a different genetic makeup.However, there are several sociological concepts that can correctly explain this phenomenon. The idea of self-fulfilling prophesy argues that what a person believes to be true becomes true due to positive feedback betwixt behaviour and beliefs. Self-fulfilling is in the beginning a false understanding of a situation which then leads to a new behaviour which makes the originally false description become true. In sports, the misplaced believes that a certain race is bes t suited for certain sports

Reply to a letter + rationale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reply to a letter + rationale - Essay ExampleAs you may know, this could tardily be done if you check the expiry dates of the products you buy while you are in the store itself, if the instances of what you accuse are so rampant. Since you have failed to do either of these or to get the testimony of someone whose identity is trustworthy for the public, you are doing nothing misleading the people and gossiping about an institution of slap-up repute for some ulterior motive. I would like to point out some inconsistencies in your argument that Jawad is poisoning its customers in order to make a profit. If you were as much concerned about the health of the people in your locality, you would have tried to do something about the issue as soon as you found out that the puff pastry you bought during Ramadan had expired a day before. However, taking into account the fact that you could have thought of this as a antiquated sequent, one could comprehend your possible excuses for not respon ding. But it remains the fact that it would have been an ideal time to reveal the stores hidden motives (if they existed) since you could easily have gone back to the store (because of the stores proximity to your house) and demanded to check the remaining twin puff pastry with the special stretch out for Ramadan. Well, the second time a similar incident took place could have been sufficient enough to infuriate you. You should have taken back the nose spray, on with its bill, to the pharmacy as soon as you found out that it had expired two months ago. Instead, you just tossed it in the trash. Your confession that this is another instance of much carelessness is indeed a convincing one. Otherwise, you could have checked the expiry date at the pharmacy store itself, which customers usually do. And your strike three incident sounds all the more curious, since you do not even mention when you found out that the snack bar you bought expired in October. I find that your

Functional Human Resource Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Functional Human Resource Technology - Essay ExampleThis will as well as require a lot of staff who can work on it..Why should most of the companies waste their time and money in installing spick-and-span systems The answer to this question is simple. The reason is that it is very easy and simple to process payroll on a computer than doing it manually. Every employee can now number at his or her average salary for the calendar month and can plan his or her expenditure accordingly. Errors creeping in the calculation of pay every month is reduced than when done so under the manual system.Installation of Computerized Payroll System can be expanded based on the needs of the organization. The facility should pave way for work to be carried out with fewer integration problems. As part of these ports to new payroll resolutions, management comforts particularly for financial management will be a large part of potential technology. The new technology will include more graphing ability, l ike the dashboards that would immediately screening the mean salary by cost center.The new technology of Computerised Payroll System when installed or while installing will be a quarrel to the Management. It becomes a challenge, because the required and apt staff who can work with the new system without causing it to crash, will have to be inducted.The human factor, that is the staff, is also as important as is the

The maypole Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The maypole - Essay ExampleTo prove this statement I need do analyze The maypole of Mary Mount by canvas contrary sides - too soon Americans of Marry Mount and the puritans. Also, I have to mention, it is very important to pay attention to the authors attitude to the contenders and to his feeling of shut up tragic during the invoice. Before I start the comparison, I have to tell briefly what this story is rough. The main topic of the story is the confrontation between early Americans and newly coming Puritans, old and new values, old and new colonists. Nathaniel Hawthorne mentioned in the beginning very important statement that jollity and gloom were contending for an empire 883. It was dispute that has determined the future complexion of New England 888. And the rate was high should the grizzly saints establish their jurisdiction over the gay sinners, then would their spirits darken exclusively the climeBut should the banner staff of Merry Mount be fortunate, sunshine would break upon the hills, and flowers would beautify the forest 888. It is very interesting that author avoided describing the mathematical operation of seizure power by Puritans. It is not interesting for him. In contrary, the place, time, circumstances, emotions, atmosphere of these shifts - do matter. There are two main heroes in this story Puritan of the Puritans John Endicott and Edgar with Edith - the newly married couple. These heroes present the contend sides Puritans and early Americans. To emphasize the significance of the Puritan coming author created the atmosphere that something important was just about to happen. The tragedy of situation was underlined in the beginning of the story midsummer eve had come, bringing deep verdure to the forest, and roses in her lap, of a more vivid alter than the tender buds of Springnever had the Maypole been so gayly decked as at sunset on midsummer eve 883. In other part of the story there is very intriguing moment with the setting sun, the last day of mirth had passed from Merry Mount 888. Also I can remember the talk between Edith and Edgar, when Edgar was disturbed by the sadness of Edith during their wedding day Edith, sweet Lady of the May, is yon wreath of roses a garland to hang above our graves, that you understand so sad? O, Edith, this is our golden time 885. In other words, if you want to say that something really bad had happen you have to say how good it was before. And much(prenominal) literature trick indeed created the feeling that the big changes yet to come, the end is near. Indeed, early American days at Merry Mount in May were bright and the people of Merry Mount who reared it, should their banner be triumphant, were to pour sunshine over New Englands rugged hills, and scatter flower seeds throughout the taint 883. Author called them the crew of Comus because of their life style. Comus was the Ancient Greekgodof festivity and revels. Jollity was the main characteristic of early Americans fr om Merry Mount. Although, it is important to understand, Nathaniel Hawthorne didnt idealise them. Instead, he made some contempt jokes of them. In description of the Merry Mount people he argued that here might be seen the Savage Man, healthy known in heraldry, hairy as a baboon, and girdled with green leaves Some youths and maidens were of soberer garb, yet well maintained their places in the irregular throng by the behavior of wild revelry upon their features. Such were the colonists

Do we live in a death denying culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Do we live in a final stage denying culture - Essay ensampleDeath is something that is natural and nobody can stop it. When the time pick outs all of us have to go and the sooner we accept this fact, the more than at sculptural relief we will be. We do not teach our children about death and it is something that the children learn themselves, when they experience a death of a loved one or by their experience of the world.We can say that we live in a death denying culture. There may be a few exceptions where community accept death and greet it with open arms when it comes otherwise majority of the people are scared of it the problems, the diseases and the plagues that it brings with it.The concept of death has changed with time. During the Middle Ages people accepted death more easily and with tranquility. It was considered shameful to die suddenly the concept of tame death was common among these times. People wanted to prepare for their deaths and for this they needed time, t hus the tame death was what everybody wanted for themselves. Also, friends and family would gather around to offer their support and prayers.At this time people believed that the psyche entered sleep-like state to peacefully await repurchase. It was believed that the dead person slept tranquilly during this period in a garden of flowers (Moller, 1996). Cemeteries were built far away from towns and cities as people were scared in the presence of the dead. The cemeteries slowly moved into the churchyard as towns spread, but only the people who the Church recognized as virtuous or holy could be buried there. One very elicit fact was that to make space for the dead, the old graves were dug up and the bones were removed. As more time went by, the cemeteries became an attraction to the people more people met up there and started living around the area. This was because the population started to grow and there was not enough space for housing. People started to be less scared of death an d could be around it for a longer period of time. Many theories and patterns of death evolved tame death being the first. The second patter was that of the death of self. An individuals acts, during this time, were categorized as good or bad and people had the ability to choose which path they will follow. The participation of the devil and the angel were brought into consideration and the records that they kept were evaluated when a person died. Based on there records, an individual was either sent to heaven or hell. In the fifteenth century, the concept of the day of final judgment emerges. The salvation of a persons soul was now to be determined by the act of death rather than the acts of life. Dying a good death became the key to salvation. (Moller, 1996) correspond to this concept, a good death was when a person died while praying and if during the dying process if the dying person was tempted by the devil his death was to be damned. The briny different between the two concepts then becomes the difference between universal salvation and individual judgment. During the sixteenth century, the plague happened and people realized that death could come at any time without them knowing it. Thus, at this time it became more important to do whatever a person had set out to carry through in life, so that when death does actually knock on the persons door, he has no regrets. This led people to develop calmness

Charitable Trusts as One of the Types of Equity Research Paper

Charitable Trusts as One of the Types of Equity - Research opus ExampleA purpose trust is found to be humane if it is construed that the main aim of the trust was charitable beneficial to the general public sooner than being detrimental it benefits the general public rather than focusing on collective private citizens further it has to be proved that the purpose was solely charitable and neither political nor profit distributing.Public purpose trusts have been immensely scrutinized by courts and statutes and the new charities act 2006 has greatly reformed the police force. However, the old case law still remains to be of relevance, because of the fact that there has not been much judicial scrutiny after the new Act. The preamble to the Charities Uses Act 1601 provides a amount of purposes which were said to be charitable this has been reformed by the new act (Oakley & Parker, 2003).The preamble was used as a guide by Lord Mcnaughten in Income Tax Special Purposes Comrs v Pemsel for producing his fourfold characterization of what is to be construed as charitable. The divisions were trusts for the relief of poverty trusts for the advancement of religion trusts for the advancement of education and trusts for other purposes beneficial to the community (Hayton, David, Charles & Oshley, 2005).The fourth head is by far the broadest and relevant to the facts of the question.Lord Simmonds in A-G v National Provincial and Union Bank of England stated that a general public purpose benefitting the society will not suffice it must be shown that the trust was charitable (Penner, 2006). In Williams Trustees v IRC, there was a gift on trust to establish and maintain an institute, to be known as the London Welsh Association, the purposes of which included maintaining an institute for the benefit of Welsh populate in London and promoting their language culture.

Arabic Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Arabic Culture - Essay ExampleThe cultural identities of individuals are substantial elements that considerably influence their ideologies and general mode of behaviour. The cultural paradigms of social structure become critical aspects of national identities and therefore important issue in spite of appearance state. Thus, media, curiously the role of television in defining the cultures of Arab world and American society is important facet in the contemporary times.There is vast difference in the television programs of Arabs and America. While television is a popular media in the Arab world, the programs of the televisions are focused on the family lives and promote the Arab culture. They highlight obedience amongst children and emphasize the importance of theology within the society, showcasing family values and religious beliefs for leading a model life. The conservative values of Arab societies with parental control over children are vastly different to that of American tele vision programs. American culture promotes individualism and highlights the independent views of the individuals. The American television programs also showcase the American liberal views vis--vis personal views on all issues including sex, sports, fashion, religion etc. The liberal view of American society was not approved by the conservative muslin society of the Arab world. Hence, government control over foreign TV channels was applied in the Arab nations till a few years back.But in the recent times, the globalization has brought in new changes within the media and do foreign television channels like MTV popular amongst the youth in Arab. The American music channel in the Arab nations has introduced popular pop culture within the native music which has become instant hit with the young. Most importantly Arab television programs in the Middle Eastern societies are promoting democratic values and granting immunity of press. Al Jazeera is prime example of TV channel that brings f orth critical issues of society and also that of

Sexual Abuse of Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sexual smear of Children - Essay ExampleThe four large scale factors aw self-reportmeasures, improvement in other indicators of crime, administrative changes that have influenced decline, intervention strategies and programs. other indicators of health status among American squirtren and youth include rates of child abuse and neglect. While there is some controversy about whether the upswing in child abuse and neglect cases is a reflection of better reporting or of actual increases in cases, there appears to be a steady climb in the number of child abuse and neglect cases every year.The International Child Abuse Network Child abuse is the bad treatment of a child under the age of 18 by a parent, caretaker, someone living in their home or someone who works with or around children. Abuse of a child is anything that causes injury or puts the child in danger of physical injury (Defining Child Maltreatment, n.d.). Sexual abuse constitutes a continuum of activities which can range from flashing, exposure to grown material through inappropriate fondling to anal or vaginal penetration. On the other hand, just as feminists have sought to mark enrapture as an act of violence, not a sexual act, it is right to remember that what is at stake in sexual abuse of a child is the face of superior power rather than an inapposite sexual relationship. Sexual abuse is classless representing the expression of deep-structured inequalities - between men and women, between adults and children. Miller-Perrin and Wurtele underline that it is difficult to define sexual abuse as all definitions are time- and culture-bound as well as direct reflections of the values and orientations of communities and societies at large (Miller-Perrin, Wurtele, 1993, p. 3). According to statistical results, the grand majority of sexual abuse is perpetrated by adult males on girls. A standard definition of child sexual abuse is that it is the involvement of developmentally jejune children and adoles cents in sexual actions which they cannot fully comprehend, to which they cannot give informed consent, and which violate the taboos of social roles. It is somewhat redundant given what goes before, and it yokes abuse too closely to incest as traditionally understood (Jackson et al, 1991). Following Miller-Perrin and Wurtele, child sexual abuse perpetrated by adults involves the exploitation of adult authority and power for sexual ends. This definition also includes children and adolescents as perpetrators if a situation involves the exploitation of a child by virtue of the perpetrators size, age, sex, or status. It also includes experiences of physical contact between perpetrator and victim and those where contact whitethorn be limited or absent (Miller-Perrin, Wurtele, 1993, p. 5). There were 669,000 reports of child maltreatment in 2005. By 2006, the reports were over 1 zillion, and in 2007, they had reached more than 2 million per year. Not only has there been a rise in the num ber of reports, but the type of injury has become increasingly serious, with a decline in the proportion of reports representing neglect and an increase in reports of sexual abuse and other serious maltreatment (the UK Statistics Authority 2008). . from each one year, sexual abuse of children costs 4 millions pounds to the state (UK statistics Authority 2008). Area Child Protection Committees (ACPCs) provide the forum for joint working on child protection issues in the United Kingdom. Each ACPC must have

Parent training gender norm during through youth age Research Paper

Parent training gender norm during through youth senesce - Research Paper ExampleGender norms are the creation of society as a whole, with the unconscious notions of normal behaviors for the genders begun through the influence of a peasants parental role models.Gender norms begin through the actions of parents to the children. Reactions define how the child will see themselves as either a boy or a girl. Through the purchase of toys, the tone of speech, and even their own role modeling, parents insert their ideas about gender norms into the behaviors of their children. Newman and Newman (2012) discuss the complexity of influences that parents have on their children concerning norms. They aver that the experience to which they expose them (their children), and the activities in which they encourage their childrens participation all reflect dimensions of the parents gender role standards (Newman & Newman, 2012, p. 245). When children get to school age they have had moderate for gend er inappropriate behavior and encouraged to adopt the social standards of behavior that are expected.Gender is an issue of social construction. Although there are many debates on how children are socialized to enact their gender, whether it is biological or strictly psychological, the development of social roles for the genders as a topic has shown that men and women are taught to act distinct than each other in society. Gender roles are developed through the creation of norms, behaviors, and beliefs about the abilities of a gender to act in spite of appearance society. Social expectations hunt to refine those beliefs so that roles can be filled (Munez, 2013). Acculturation occurs within a family where examples and teaching provide young males and females with information about how their gender identifies them within a community. Through the continuation of these beliefs throughout a community, gender norms are created.The use of gender norms as a way in which to calculate behavi ors provides the researcher with a

My Account of Second Language Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

My Account of Second Language Learning - Essay suitThe course I undertook at King Khalid University for four years was a specialization in slope. Much of skills on both pronunciation and writing at this level were acquired due to the interaction with a lot of people from various move of the world who communicated mostly in English. Similarly, I put my own lawsuit and did personal studies. I got employed as an English teacher in a primary school in Al Jubail Industrial City. This was a satisfactory opportunity for growth from the basic level with the primary school children, most of whom depended on visual aids for understanding. This being an industrial city, many inhabitants came from different parts of the world and would interact with the students outside of school. English being a common lyric poem among most of them, attainment English among these students was not a major challenge. later a year, I moved on to teach adults from varied technical faculties in a technical co llege. It is here that I got the opportunities to improve my teaching skills by dint of the regular training sessions organized by the institution. Through this process of learning, there are two factors that greatly influenced my personal outcome these are motivation and my learning strategies. Learning of the second base language varies from one individual to another (Slevc & Miyake, 2006). One of the factors that influenced my proficiency in learning English as a second language is my motivation since my experience with my Bangladeshi teacher who could converse only in English.... One of the factors that influenced my proficiency in learning English as a second language is my motivation since my experience with my Bangladeshi teacher who could converse only in English. According to Csizer and Dornyei (2005), motivation refers to the desire for achievement of an ideal language by dint of reduction of the variation between the actual and the ideal states. It encompasses the subj ect that provokes action in a person, the period that such a person is willing to actualize it and the effort put towards its pursuance. This could be instigated by the desire to later attain some reward which pushes the learner towards the attainment of the anticipated reward. In my case, the desire was in reducing the gap between the actual incompetence in English language and the ideal state of being proficient in the language so as to communicate well with my teacher. There was a desire in me to excel academically through achievement of English proficiency which made me persist in to even specialising in the language at university level. Dornyei (2002) also points out that there is a reward that sustains motivation. Some of the rewards that second language teachers could use include rise and applause for achievement, which in general push the inner self of the learner towards attainment of the set goals. Having observed the close ties that Saudi Arabia had with the Western wo rld, it was obvious that English would be an advantage to me when interacting with the people from those nations even in learning institutions. The Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia was introduced in 1942 and since then, English language has been taught among its citizens (Al Sadan, 2000). This language has been given a second priority after the

Management Information Systems (MIS) Article Critique Research Paper

Management Information Systems (MIS) Article Critique - Research Paper ExamplePopular internet companies ar ready for stock commercializeplace listing. This has created lot of activity in the stock exchange. There are three main forces which are driving this activity. First the advancement in technology is reservation it very easy to start online business. Second the investors who are backing this activity are young, who give online companies many options to choose from and the last factor is the involvement of global participants in general and Chinese firms in particular. The combined impact of these three factors is responsible for the phenomenal growth of internet based companies in last deuce to three years. There are also reliable and sound companies, who are interested in buying these online companies or their products. For some experts this trend in the market is dangerous as many companies are getting more value than normal. Investors are investing in untested products and impact of regulatory policy by China is overlooked. If Chinese government starts to put restriction on internet companies then market could go down but like all bubbles it is era for investors to make money. The article is very well written and the writer is able to present facts and figures along with tables to present the main theme that internet based companies are booming very fast.

Short answer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Short answer - Essay ExampleChristians also pray that evildoers may allow God to take checker of their lives in preparation for the coming on Gods reign (Fischer &Hart, 1995.The reign of God has already begun because Jesus is always demonstrating his power to the evil ones on the world. The book of Luke chapter 11 20, it is indicated that Jesus is now pushing back the powers of evil in the world. Paul illustrates on the book of Romans 61-11 that after a sinner accepts Christ and gets baptized, the reign of God has begun on his or her life. According to Fischer and Hart (1995), the reign of God has begun through the life of Jesus and his teachings. The only expectation is its fulfillment.The priggish attitude according to St. Paul is that sinners ought to confess their sins and be baptized while the righteous have the obligation of staying clean. The righteous should also spread the gospels to non- relyrs in order to alert them on the second coming of Christ.Christians have an inte rest in the exact time for second coming of a pertly phenomenon because they believe that they will have a chance to see the Christ they have been waiting for many years with their own eyes. They also believe that a new phenomenon will be the perfect time to end the struggle with the evil one that they encounter on daily basis on their lives (Fischer &Hart, 1995).Christians tend to be much concerned with counting the exact date of second coming of Christ. However, Jesus discourages the speculation and instead urges believers to be always prepared for he aptitude come any time. Jesus urges Christians to be ready and righteous at every moment in their life in order to inherit the state of God as it already reigns (Fischer &Hart, 1995).That Jesus had no intensions of revealing secrets concerning his second coming. The biblical meaning of parousia also ought to be understood

CULTURES WITHOUT A COUNTRY - STATELESS NATION Term Paper

CULTURES WITHOUT A COUNTRY - STATELESS NATION - Term Paper ExampleThe development in the country has non gone unnoticed. However, they have been associated similar outcomes in other decentralized countries like Germany, United States and Australia. The association is treated under the foreign policy or multinational relations of the regional government that is known as the wider rubric of paradiplomacy.The domestic and international structures play an essential role in conditioning the consequences of nationalism for regions that form internationally. Regional autonomy, national foreign policy ag bara and constitutional frameworks are crucial elements of the domestic context. The key elements of international environment shaping are located by the behavior of the foreign state in connection to political and economic continental regimes.Basque country is geographically situated at the western end of the Pyrenees and it covers territories in both France and Spain. The most polluted area of Basque country is in Spain, which is known to be a compound state that incorporates various degrees of internal ethno territorial reserve plurality.The modern political unification of Spain took place through the means of a dynastic union under the catholic Kings in the year 1469. (Friend) However, its constituent territories hold their autonomous existence. The incorporation of territories to the Hispanic monarchy was achieved in the unruly stage s of European Mordent Age. This was centuries before national homogenization process was carried out in the European monarchies.Prior to the union of the catholic Kings, the Castilian prices had the unification of Leon and Castile in bringing through royal marriages and conquest. It also incorporated the Basque provinces of Alava, Biscay and Guipuzcoa. These three provinces took good care of their local rights, fueros and traditions. During the xix century, many Spanish dominions

Conflict Resolution in Health Care Setting Essay

Conflict Resolution in Health Care Setting - judge ExampleConflict resolution in the health setting requires the presence of intricate and complex competencies. Appropriate and relevant strategies help to reduce or mitigate problems in the health shell out setting. This research paper will study the scenario of a persevering suffering from acute kidney failure. The patient has ref determinationd to be treated with dialysis which backside improve quality of life. The scope of the paper will be concerned about implementing appropriate, ethical, and realistic conflict resolution methods. This paper will seek to use diverse research resources in order to deduce accurate and reliable results.Scott is a sixty year old patient who has been diagnosed with acute kidney failure. Health care physicians have recommended dialysis in order to produce superior outcomes. Dialysis will also improve the quality of life for Scott. However the patient is depressed and frustrated that the discourse is futile. He is no longer concerned about treating and managing acute kidney failure. He has beliefs that in any event his life will end irrespective of intercession or disease management. Health care physicians are insisting on provision of accurate and appropriate care for the patient.Scott retired from a position as a bank manager when he was fifty six years old. His retirement years were marked by considerable psychological problems. Physical health for the patient was generally appropriate. However financial and economic problems have also taken a toll on the patient. The patient also lives alone as he has separated from his wife. His relations with siblings and children are also estranged. At the age of fifty eight, the patient was diagnosed with nestling kidney problems. Health care professionals assessed and evaluated the patient requirements. Initially the patient was diagnosed with minor renal problems. Diuretics were recommended to the patient (Romeu, 1996). However w ith the passage of time, the health care professionals detected that metabolic acidosis had significantly increased. A recommendation for dialysis was initiated for the patient. Electrolyte abnormality was also recognized in the patients body. Pericarditis was also found to be prevalent and rampant inside the patient (Romeu, 1996). Psychological, financial, and physical problems seem to have created frustration, anxiety, and depression in the patient. He has refused to take up medical treatment which can efficiently and effectively improve quality of life. Conflict ContextThe conflict has arisen in the wake of numerous problems faced by the patient.

America’s current policies Essay Example for Free

the Statess current policies EsenunciateOften, open generations, completely apathetic approximately their own sins, casts judgwork forcet upon the people who came before. This is not to say that, contrary to the prevailing wisdom currently choking our country, there are not absolute truths that were present during the inception of this country as well as in our present day. It is re all(prenominal)y unfortunate that some of our debut fathers held slaves especially the author of the Declaration of Independence, doubting doubting Thomas Jefferson, who held nearly two hundred slaves at superstar time on his plantation at Monticello. We do not like that the father of salvagedom in America could not find it in himself to free his slaves. Jeffersons own cousin, as well as a number of fellow Virginians freed their slaves. From 1780 until 1800, the population of free blacks in Virginia rose from just over 2,000 to more than 30,000. (Burns, 1997) Where is Thomas Jefferson? However, did those who contributed to the Constitution yet held slaves, serve to invalidate the Constitution or their own individual contributions? It would put peerless over to seem that it does.However, not to the same degree as some of Americas current policies invalidates our ability to even cast judgment on opposite generations in the first place. People in glass houses should not throw stones. This is a famous saying which can be applied to e genuinely somebody or generation who judges another while macrocosm less than perfect themselves. America is the 21st century is a far cry from America at its birth. The population, in 1776, was just under three million people. (McCullough, 2007 pg. 26) Last fall, Americas population exceeded three hundred million people.Technology has surely made the world a much different place and America is not only the richest country in the world, it is also the most powerful. The founding fathers could frighteningly fathom what this country would beco me in a little more than two hundred years. However, would they be proud of what had been accomplished? In some ways, the founding fathers would be glowing with joy and pride. In other ways, they could not help but feel a great deal of shame and embarrassment at what America had become.In the retiring(a) thirty years, revisionist historians chip in tried to tell Americans that this country was formed, not out of the pursuit of religious freedom as the mayflower Compact reads but or else to make money and to expand their wealth and land holdings. Also, that the founding fathers were not deeply religious men but rather Deists who seemed apathetic towards absolute truths. These assertions are fallible to the core and scarily a student of history can accept such tripe.However, even the deists and atheists were still very moral men who were led by principles and not by what was satisfied as they were men of the Enlightenment. Therefore, the question which should also be asked in con junction with this subject field is Does America stand on any moral ground to even pass judgment in the first place on any past generation. Did our forefathers risk their lives so that more than thirty million babies could be aborted since 1973 and 40% of all children are now born without a father living in the home?Did our forefathers risk their lives so that more than 20,000 people could be murdered each year for the pursuit of money to buy drugs? When the forefathers secured freedom of speech, did that mean that adult movies could be shown on the television or curse words spewed at a dizzying rapidity? In a time when gay marriage is being pressed so heavily upon our members of Congress, would our forefathers individuals who regarded the act as so impure, that they would go out of their way to describe such actions in an indirect way in their writings and all believed to be a sin?There can be added to this list, more than a dozen modern examples and whether or not one agrees tha t the aforementioned are problems in this country or not, our forefathers could not help but see them as grave mistakes and impediments on our history. It seems unlikely that those individuals, such as John Adams and George Washington, to name only a few so fervent in their religious convictions, that they freely invoked the word of God in their writings and speeches, could have consented to such depravity. More than 35% of all of the quotes of Americas forefathers came from the Bible.Does Americas hunger for relativism and humanism disallow us from even being fitting to even ask the question Were the actions of the forefathers pure enough to even form a country in the first place? For every person who would say no, there would be two of the aforementioned society which would say the same about us. Now, this is not to say that slavery was not extremely immoral which served as a cancer on our society at that time and created a legacy of racial hatred and inequality which is still pr esent today.Anyone who believes that this country is one of the greatest in the world, if not the entire world as I do, such apathy towards our forefathers own words, has to invoke a degree of annoyance towards men who are revered for what the gave to future generations in the formation of a democratic, capitalist and free society. One wonders why a clear consciousness was not value simply paying their workers a modest wage instead of forcing involuntary servitude. What was going through the minds when Thomas Jefferson introduced legislation to end slavery during the Constitutional conventionalism?Historians have argued that if Jefferson provided a hard line against slavery, then his other policies would have been pushed to the side and perhaps never passed. This is probably true. However, what stopped Jefferson from freeing his own slaves at Monticello? These questions may never be answered. So in the end, it would seem best for Americans to tread carefully when dismissing an ent ire generation and their works because of a sin which was all too apparent in 18th century America. Slavery was wrong? There is no doubt about that. However, has America lost most of its moral authority, as well as the rest of the West?This is to be sure. As more and more people turn away from the ideas of absolute truths and towards relativism and humanism, preferring instead what is convenient and not what is right, problems which America is now suffering, is its natural result. If the incompatibility of the actions and words of the slave holding forefathers invalidates their work, then it should be placed a top a very long list of this countrys ironic measures which have grown at an exponential rate in recent decades.WORKS CITED Burns, Ken Thomas Jefferson New York Thirteen Productions PBS 1997 McCullough, David 1776. New York Scribners 2007

Negative Effects of Joint Custody Methodology Essay Example for Free

Negative Effects of Joint Custody Methodology EssayHypothesis Joint clutches may affect girls more than boys. Is there a difference between the two? Methodology The reason for this methodology research is exploratory. Fifty percent or more married couples in the United States pull up stakes get a divorce. It is not only divorce that affects custody because there ar many reasons that two parents of a child do not live with each other. Since the womens movement of the 1960s and 70s, sticks have taken a much more active role in child rearing. Most women have entered the workplace and need more help with their children, and that has made men much closer to their children.Therefore they want more custody rights. So, joint custody has increased greatly in the last several decades. Since this is such an issue in todays society the data hoard leave help parents explore the negatives affects of joint custody and which sex is affected most so that they can make a more informed alt ernative when it comes to the custody agreement they agree on for them and their families. The methodology that result be used will give a survey that will question ten-spot girls and ten boys between the ages of eleven and thirteen.Their will be two African Americans, two Hispanics, one Asian, and five Caucasians of each sex. One of each sex surveyed will come from a high socioeconomic class, four will be from lower socioeconomic class, and five will come from upper middle(a) and middle socioeconomic class. During a two week time period, the children of joint custody families will drop time getting to know and feel comfortable with the interviewer. This will be accomplished by group sessions where the children will play video games, having refreshments, listening to music, playing get-to-know-you games, and watching movies.Then the children will be interviewed with the survey questions separately. follow Questions Answer the questions using a scale of 1-5 with one being the wo rst and five the outgo 1. How does spending equal time with each parent? 2. When you spend time at your fathers house, do you have athletics? 3. When you spend time at your mothers house, do you have fun? 4. My father has rules and high expectations of me. 5. My mother has rules and high expectations of me. 6. My father expects me to treat him with respect. 7. My mother expects me to treat her with respect. 8.School activities are important to my father. 9. School activities are important to my mother. 10. Extra-curricular activities are important to my father. 11. Extra-curricular activities are important to my mother. 12. My homework is a priority is important to my father. 13. My homework is a priority to my mother. 14. My grades are important to my father. 15. My grades are important to my mother. 16. My father screens my friends and associates. 17. My mother screens my friends and associates. 18. My father spends quality time with me. 19. My mother spends quality time with me . 20.I am happy with the situation in which I live. Variables The data that will be gathered from the independent variables (the questions) will be analyzed by the dependent variables. (the answers) The findings will be entered into a scale which will be hardened on a graph. From the results displayed on the graph it can be determined which is affected most by the negative effects of the joint custody girls or boys. There is a possibility that they will be effected the same. This data could be extremely helpful when it comes time for parents to choose which type custody is best for each of their children.

Foreign Exchange Operation of Mutual Trust Bank Limited Essay Example for Free

Foreign Exchange Operation of Mutual Trust coin bank Limited EssayIn this regard an organization attachment at Dilkusha Branch of Mutual Trust Bank has been given to me a period of triad months commencing from 1st August, 2010 to 31st October, 2010. During this period I learned how the host organization works with the help of the internal supervisor. The internal supervisor assigned me on of the projects and shuffled me slightly to educate me about the operation of a bank. 1. 2. Significance of the report This internship report is an important partial requirement of four years BBA graduation program. This is because knowledge and encyclopedism become perfect when it is associated with theory and practice.By this internship program schoolchilds can establish contacts and networking. Contacts may help to get a job in practical life. That is, student can train and prepare themselves for the job market. A poor country like Bangladesh has an overwhelming number of unemployed educ ated graduates. As they have no internship experience they have not been able to gain normal professional experience of establish networking system, which is important in getting a job. Therefore, it is obvious that the importee of internship is clearly justified as the crucial requirement of four years BBA graduation.Scope of the Study Mutual Trust Bank Limited is one of the modern generation banks in Bangladesh. The scope of the study is limited to the Dilkusha Branch only. The report covers the organizational structure background, functions and the performance of the bank have mainly worked in the opposed exchange so my report covers all the activities of orthogonal exchange department in the Dilkusha branch. While preparing this report I havent any limitations the employees of foreign exchange department has helped me a lot and I have use both primary and secondary data which was available to me. 1. 4. Objectives

Adaptation of the Fennec Fox to the Desert

Adaptation of the Fennec Fox to the DesertHow the fennec fox (genus Vulpes zedra) has adapt to the desert environmentThe fennec fox is the smallest member of the Vulpes genus (formally in the Fennecus genus) only s secondaryness 2.2 3.3 lbs. It is highly distinguishable by its huge ears measuring 6 inches, and a body length of up to 16 inches. It is a nocturnal sensual that girdle in its dig and rests for the hottest parts of the day (The genius of Wildworks, 2014.). It is a highly social animal and lives in family groups of up to 10 individuals (Fox, 1975). Formerly in the fennecus genus, it was posterior re-classified into the Vulpes genus which is the main taxonomic group of all foxes. Its geographical range is the north Sahara and Arabian deserts. The fox is under decline due to being capture for the fur and pet trade which has had significant impacts on the wild species (The Nature of Wildworks, 2014.) The fennec fox has m both adaptions to living in a desert environmen t. These can be broken down into 3 categories Morphological, Physiological and Behavioural.MorphologicalMorphological adaptions be changes in the animals structure that helps it adapt to the extreme conditions of the Saharan sweet. wholeness of the most significant morphological adaptations that the fennec possesses is its large ears. The ears are workoutd to dissipate estrus and maintain the optimum body temperature of the animal (Wathen, et al., 1971). The ear needs to be large to have a large surface area for heat dissipation. The statement that these actually cool the animal is non entirely true, they do not cool the animal and disappoint its body temperature, but instead maintain the optimum body temperature. In a study on jack rabbits, the ears were effectuate to dissipate nearly 100% of all metabolic heat at air temperatures of only 30C (Wathen, et al., 1971). This is only possible if the temperature of the fox is in a higher place the environmental temperature. The e ars also play a critical role in nocturnal hunting (Wathen, et al., 1971). The large pinnae of the ear help direct low aim sound into the ear which gives the fennec acute hearing allowing directional hearing (Ewer, 1973). This is a key adaption for hunting at night due to the low light levels, olibanum giving the fennec the ability to hunt in effect(p)ly at night using sound as well as excellent night vision.The feet of the fennec are qualified to walking on the hot sand by having hairs covering their fleshy foot pads (Ewer, 1973). This interdicts the foot from actually touching the scolding sand and will pr sluicet injury when the fox is digging its burrow and walking across the hot dessert floor. The front paws are specially designed for digging burrows which the fennecs live and breeds in (Ewer, 1973).The fur of the fennec like most dessert animals is vital to coping with desert life. Not only does this insulate the animal, but studies have shown that the light fur of the an imal can also reflect the solar radiation, in that locationfore less(prenominal)ening the impact and reducing the heat load on the animal (Dawson Brown, 1970). This is most true in the fennec fox due to its sandy coloured or sometimes white fur. Meanwhile the thickness of the fur is a protection from the solar radiation of the skin. By creating this barrier, the fur prevents any damage to the skin from direct solar radiation. This is because the fur, as said before, partially reflects the solar radiation while the thicker deeper fur absorbs the heat (Dawson Brown, 1970). The heat absorption also helps the fox survive the freezing dessert nights while it feeds, by preventing the fennecs core body temperature from dropping too low.PhysiologicalPhysiological adaptions are changes in the animals system processes to enable them to adapt to changes in the environment. These changes enable the fennec to adapt to the extreme environment of the North African deserts. Carnivores, just as the fennec, are found in a number of deserts around the world. A major challenge that these organisms face is the replenishment of water. The fennec gains its water requirements solely from having by and large a carnivorous diet. The fennec, by eating alone, can maintain its water balance for over 100 days without having to drink (Vaughn, et al., 2000). This is done by the fennec having real concentrated urine that uses the least essence of water possible to function. This conserves a vast amount of water and coupled with its very low go away loss. Therefore it rivals small desert rodents in its water conservation (Vaughn, et al., 2000). This relates to selective predation and an ability to feed on a wide build of nutriment stuffs, while being able to become more economical with its metabolic water.The adaption of having a low basal metabolic rate is crucial to survival in dessert conditions. The fennec is no exception to this it has one of the lowest BMRs of all Vulpes species of 60.7 percent (Golightly Ohmart, 1983). This means at rest the fox only uses the minimal amount of water needed to survive. This adaption allows a minimalized endogenous heat load which conserves metabolic water. This saving of water becomes critical in the desert due to the low precipitation levels and therefore having the adaptation of a low BMR helps maintain any dietary water acquired and conserves it.BehaviouralBehavioural adaptations are changes in the animals conduct help it survive in a certain environment. Previously, little was known about the fennec foxes diet. It was previously thought that they were primarily insectivores and had barely any variety in their diet. However, a new study has shown that they are actually opportunistic feeders with food items being mostly insects, but it also feeds on small mammals and even plant material (Brahmi, et al., 2012). The study also shows that locality and abundance of food can also change the feeding behaviour of the fennec. T his adaption is critical to the survival of any dessert animals. The ability to feed on many different food sources opens up many more niches and availability for the animal to survive and feed (Brahmi, et al., 2012). gasp is an adaption that requires short shallow respiration and is solely used in heat dissipation. Panting makes use of evaporative cooling of the mouth, lung and nasal mucosa. This is a very effective way of cooling down without having to sweat. This main advantage over sweating is that in sweating there is salt loss, while in panting there is not (Vaughn, et al., 2000). This is key to the survival of the fennec because of the shortage of food therefore the fennec cannot regain the salt quicker than the animal uses up. If the fennec sweated this could become a huge problem, so it has vanquish this problem by making use of the more efficient panting for heat dissipation (Vaughn, et al., 2000).Fennec fox families live and thrive in burrows these help neutralize the d aily effects of high temperature and low humidity of the desert days. They yield shelter from sun exposure and the highest temperatures of the dessert day. A study in tortoises shows that burrows provide a great place to refuge in a desert environment. The study showed that the burrow at 1000 -1200 hrs had much higher humidity and lower temperature than the external environment (Bulova, 2002). This lowers the total evaporate water loss which helps the animal, in this case the fennec, conserve metabolic water, which is key to desert survival. Fennecs therefore make use of the much more stable and milder environment inside the burrow. This helps shelter the fennec from extreme conditions and helps conserve water. This is due to the soil temperature maintaining stability no matter what the conditions are outside. The burrow controls the internal environment due to the thermal insulating properties of the soil (Reichman Smith, 1990). Therefore the burrow is cooler during the day and w armer during the freezing desert nights.ConclusionTo conclude there are many adaptations the fennec has may that be morphological, physiological and behavioural. The adaptations are a necessity to survive in such an extreme climate, such as the dessert with high heat loads during the day, freezing temperatures in the night, food and water sources are scarce. The adaptions that the fennec utilises all boil down to protection from the incredible temperature change in the dessert, by having large ears to dissipate heat and fur that can reflect but also absorb the heat. This gives protection from solar radiation during the day, and insulation during the night. The other(a) main reason for having many complex adaptations is to conserve water. The fennecs metabolic water level is maintained by having a low BMR which uses less water in metabolic activity at rest, and also the concentrated urine which reduces the loss of water via waste. In my mind the fennec fox is perfectly adapted to co pe with the extremes of desert life, by controlling its water conservation and body temperature.Word count 1,508ReferencesBrahmi, K. et al., 2012. First quantitative data on the diet of the fennec fox, Vulpes zerda (Canidae, Carnivora), in Algeria. Folia Zoologica, 61(1), pp. 61-70.Bulova, j., 2002. 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