Similarities and Differences Between Christianity Hinduism

Examine and comment on contrasting standpoints about God and/or existence in relation to the topic you have investigated. Christianity and Hinduism seem to have profoundly different views in relation to God and/or existence. For example, creation within Christian belief is primarily ex-nihilo (out of nothing). God created everything in 7 days from the light and darkness, to the day of rest. This can be illustrated by reference to Genesis 1:1 – 2:4a â€Å"In the beginning God created the heavens and the Earth† From this it is quite clear that God pre-existed before the beginning of creation. In contrast, Hindus reject the concept that something can come from nothing for several reasons such as, the Bhagavad Gita (BG) states the eternality of†¦show more content†¦Also, confusion and doubt at times. Although, in the case of a relationship with God/Goddess, it includes faith – which is necessary for God is so unique and incomparable. We can compare faith in Christianity and Hinduism; for example, Job, an extremely righteous man innocently suffering the loss of his possessions and family, still devotes himself to God: ‘Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him: but I will maintain mine own ways before him’ - his faith is not broken and he is later rewarded; this is similar to Jnana Yoga in Hinduism beliefs. The faith performed in the practice is the key because ultimately the intellect is abandoned; utter dedication to a true understanding of one self will result in liberation (Moksha). Thus showing that both religions similarly have a challenging faith to undertake, although Christianity is more based on trust and understanding; they follow rules (the 10 commandments) to show God their dedication and faith; whereas in Hinduism, you are trying to gain the trust and understanding for yourselves. (E.g. in yoga, the realisation after all desires of Samsara are ridden, that you are one, everything is one) From this, suffering is understandably a major problem for both religions. For Christians, there are many arguments for the resolution of suffering; however the main one being reinforced by Augustine stating that since God endowed people with free will, we are able toShow MoreRelatedDifference and Similarities Between Christianity and Four (4) World Religion, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Muslims and Hinduism.2305 Words   |  10 Pages Title: Difference and Similarities between Christianity and Four (4) World Religion, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Muslims and Hinduism. Introduction: In the world today there are many religions of different beliefs with vast numbers of followers. However, some of these religions turn to have similarities and differences which defer them from each another. The following report briefly talks about the differences and similarities between Christianity and other four (4) major world religions and theyRead MoreChristianity And Hinduism : A Theological Perspective1391 Words   |  6 PagesWhen looking at Christianity and Hinduism there are many ways to look at each religion from a theological perspective. This is why the best way to look at the broad view of these religions would be to analyze each by comparing and contrasting what each religion is about. The first point to look at would be at how Hinduism and Christianity are very similar in how they view the world. This can be seen in how they both strive to achieve a state of higher being whether it be with the eternal stateRead MoreChristianity And Hinduism .According To The Human Truth1601 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity and Hinduism According to the human truth foundation (2017) â€Å"religions are shared collection of transcendental beliefs that have been passed on from believers to converts, which are held by adherents to be actively meaningful and serious and either based on formally documented doctrine or established cultural practices.† There are many religions in the world some are old as the beginning of time and some are newer. Hinduism is one of the oldest organized religion in the world. Read MoreChristianity, Hinduism, And Islam1054 Words   |  5 PagesEvery religion has its own goal, and their own believes, however there are also many similarities in their believes. Although the followers of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam may see things differently, they basically hold the same values and codes. To Islam, the Prophet Mohammad’s teaching is a â€Å"complete and final revelation†. On the other hand, according to the bible, Christianity believes that Jesus Christ is the true lord and savior will grant you the access to heaven in the afterlife. JudaismRead MoreComparison And Contrast Of World Religions1194 Words   |  5 PagesReligions The religions of the world, while differing greatly in their specifics, are surprisingly similar. The three most prevalent religions in the world are Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism, in that order. All believe in a higher power that presides over and created man. Islam originated in approximately 609 C.E., or Common Era, and Christianity originated around 33 C.E. which is supposedly when Jesus Christ was crucified. The main prophet of Islam, Muhammad, is supposedly of the lineage of Jesus ChristRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Hinduism Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesChristianity Versus Hinduism Christianity and Hinduism, are two of the worlds oldest religions. Although they are very different religions they share one main goal; salvation. However, their idea of salvation and what they have to do ,and what must be done to attain salvation are very different. Two main similarities between the Hindu religion and Christian religion are referred to by different titles; nevertheless they are represented by the same action. One example of these similarities wouldRead MoreArgumentative Essay On The Afterlife969 Words   |  4 Pagesvariety of schools of thought. Arguably the most popular theory is derived from Christianity, it speaks of the tale of an all-powerful being, creating the world and its inhabitants. He creates man, the most intelligent animal of them all, in his image and mortal by nature. This mortality will invertibility lead to other worlds, beyond the reach of an earth-bound being. Another highly popular theory is that presented by Hinduism. In this series of beliefs, man lives in a universe created by Brahma, a beautifulRead MoreReligion And Its Impact On Religion Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesReligion can be one of the most controversial topics in conversation due to difference of opinion not to mention beliefs. People have individualism, free will, and culture that determines the way to live life as well as perspectives about the afterlife. Wars have continued through centuries over religious perspectives and dissimilar beliefs even though there are many similar traits within major religions worldwide. Time continues to move although lives are lost over mistrust, hate and divide ofRead MoreChristianity And Buddhism And Christianity1468 Words   |  6 PagesChristianity and Buddhism exist as two of the predominant religions throughout the world. While Buddhism ranks around fifth in number of followers of religions, it is the third most widespread religion behind Christianity and Islam. Buddhism and Christianity are arrantly distinct in their principle standpoints: Buddhism rejects the existence of a greater being and Christianity proudly professes the power of a universal God. However, despite this rigid dissimilarity, both religions developed and spreadRead MoreA Comparsion of the Bhagavad Gita vs The Gospels Essay1160 Words   |  5 Pagesthat is an excellent candidate to stand up next to the Gospels is the Bhagavad-Gita (or just the Gita). These two texts can depict similarities and differences between the two cultures presented: Christianity and Hinduism. Keeping an open mind when reading cultural texts is what makes the texts more interesting and informs the reader more clearly. The analysis between one western text and one non-western text can really widen the perspective of one person. Due to the fact that Krishna from the Gita

The Inaugural Speech By John Fitzgerald Kennedy Essay

On January 20, 1961, under the witness of two thousand people who gathered on the east front of the Capitol, John Fitzgerald Kennedy took the oath of office to become the United State’s 35th president. He then delivered an inaugural speech which is considered one of the greatest speeches in the 20th century. In the speech, Kennedy called on all Americans to commit themselves to service and sacrifice to make a peace future for the US and the rest of the world. By using various rhetorical devices and words and building of American pride, the emotional appeals remain strong throughout his entire speech. Also, his also utilize logos effectively to compel his audiences by means of adopting references in past and analyzing current situation. In addition, he established his credibility (ethos) by stressing the importance of God to himself and the future of the United States. Moreover, the speech itself is a fitting response due to its timing when the relationship between the Soviet U nion and the western world exacerbated. In the same breath, the speech satisfied its audience by expecting a peace future of the world. Kennedy’s use of pathos is the most represented appeal in his speech. From the beginning of the speech, he referred his victory of winning the election is also a â€Å"celebration of freedom†, since it is â€Å"symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning---signifying renewal, as well as change.† In the next paragraph, he said â€Å"Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well orShow MoreRelatedLeslie Cardoso. Leslie Cardoso. Ap English 3. P.3.1082 Words   |  5 PagesLeslie Cardoso Leslie Cardoso Ap English 3 p.3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The JFK Inaugural Address On January 20, 1961, John Fitzgerald Kennedy delivered one of America s few standout inaugural addresses and one of the finest speeches in American history. By invoking the American dream and extending its promise to the rest of the world, Kennedy s speech was an inspirational call to action that resonates even today. John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s Inaugural Address, The article â€Å"Inside Kennedy’s Inauguration, 50 Years on†Read MoreJohn F. Kennedy Inaugural Address1099 Words   |  5 Pagesbrighter than one of our own presidents. It was January 20, 1962 when John Fitzgerald Kennedy took stage to be the thirty-fifth president of the United States. Written by Kennedy in late November of 1960, his inauguration speech goes to explain the various changes of the world as Kennedy campaigned to â€Å"get the country moving again.† His speech begins to address the differences of the generations as he wants to â€Å"pass the torch.† Kennedy expresses vario us ways of getting people together which he basesRead MorePublic Service: John F. Kennedys Inaugural Address1219 Words   |  5 PagesPresident John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address is considered one of the greatest speeches in history and one of the shortest Inaugural Addresses at just 15 minutes. He attempts to build up America’s pride and calls the nation to support their country. He describes these goals using a variety of rhetorical devices to increase public reaction. His short but powerful speech gives comfort to an American public fearful of war. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born May 29, 1917, into a new wealthy CatholicRead MoreJohn F. Kennedys Inaugural Address1049 Words   |  5 PagesJohn F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address Ceremonial speeches are given to mark ceremonial events and help a society move beyond their differences. John F. Kennedy gave a ceremonial speech, his inaugural address, on January 20th, 1961, marking one of the most historic speeches in time. In John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address speech, that is being evaluated today, the author uses social cohesion as a call for the nation to give back to the country, as we should do of course, and to ask, and expect lessRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy and His Inaugural Address Essay1067 Words   |  5 Pageswill forever be a day that marks a special moment in time in which President John Fitzgerald Kennedy delivered one of the most memorable speeches in American History. His Inaugural address is one in which many famous quotes come from and one that is emulated in present speeches. In order to understand the importance of this inoculation one must understand the atmosphere of our nation at that time and what President Kennedy was try ing to get across to his constituents. In this essay I will give youRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of John F. Kennedys Speech746 Words   |  3 Pages John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts. As a young man Kennedy rapidly climbed the political latter by initially representing a working class Boston district in the United States Congress, then escalated to the House of Representatives, followed by the United States Senate, and ending with the victorious defeat of his presidential opponent, to become the 35th president of the United States of America. According to theatlantic.com, Kennedy was so wellRead MoreMicroscopic Look At Jfk s Inaugural Address982 Words   |  4 PagesLook at JFK’s Inaugural Address The 1960’s was a time when the world was facing the Cold War and America was facing the Civil Rights Movement. On January 20, 1961, at the age of 43, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was sworn into office as the 35th President of the United States. As the youngest president of the United States, Kennedy needed to prove to the American citizens that he was a great leader and that they did the right thing to elect him. (History.com) The night before JFK’s inaugural it snowed soRead MoreDreams of John F. Kennedy700 Words   |  3 PagesInaugural Address: The Dreams of John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy; even today 50 years after his death, his name still inspires Americans and others around the globe. President Kennedy was elected in 1960; this was the start of a new decade and a new generation and was a time of great change in our nation. Kennedy was the youngest U.S. president in our history and when sworn into office spoke his Inaugural Address. His Inaugural speech addresses many problems faced by Americans and many otherRead MoreRhetorical Devices In President John F. Kennedys 1961 Inaugural Address935 Words   |  4 PagesIn the legendary words of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy, â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.† Though the quote may appear simple, its rhetoric makes it one of the most memorable components of his speech’s message. Kennedy conveys that, in partnership with the audience, he will advance the American people and people abroad. President Kennedy’s 1961 Inaugural A ddress included several rhetorical devices are utilized to create effects within the audienceRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy Inaugural Address1532 Words   |  7 Pages20, 1961 John F. Kennedy. What do all these dates and names have in common is a question you may ask. One is that each name is of one of the many presidents of the United States. Two is the dates are the dates of each ones Inaugural address. The first ever Inaugural address was done April 30, 1789 by none other than the United States first president George Washington. Many have heard and Inaugural address but just in case you happen not to know what one is an Inaugural address is a speech given during

Frederick Douglass Free Essays

This paper attempts to reintroduce the abolitionist Frederick Douglass who played a large role in ending slavery in the United States just before the Civil War. It also intends to answer the question, â€Å"What does Frederick Douglass have to say about the consequences of slavery for Americans, black and white, North and South?† Who is Frederick Douglass? Frederick Douglass was responsible for the abolitionist movement, which actually put an end to slavery which has been occurring in the United States just before the Civil War (Frederick Douglass n.p. We will write a custom essay sample on Frederick Douglass or any similar topic only for you Order Now ).  What does Frederick Douglass have to say about the consequences of slavery for Americans, black and white, North and South? Change of Name The fact that he found out that â€Å"southern slave catchers were roaming the city looking for fugitives in boarding houses that accepted blacks†, his initial reaction to this was not to trust anybody he would meet along the way as he journeys through his life (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). However, as he came looking for a job and a shelter, he met David Ruggles, â€Å"who actually harbors runaway slaves and assisted them reach safe locations in the United States, as well as, Canada† (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). He also altered his name to avoid being arrested (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). He changed it from Frederick Baily to Frederick Douglass (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). Subscriber of Liberator At first though, his reaction was not that obvious since he â€Å"worked as a common laborer† wherein â€Å"he sawed wood, shoveled coal, dug cellars, as well as, loaded and unloaded ships†   (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). However, when he was offered to subscribe to a newspaper called â€Å"Liberator†, which was â€Å"edited by the articulate leader of the American Anti-Slavery Society, named William Garrison†, he also â€Å"felt really sorry† for the slaves (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). Membership to the American Anti-Slavery Society After that, he joined the abolitionist movement wherein he attended â€Å"lectures in New Bedford† (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). He became an official member of the â€Å"American Anti-Slavery Society†, which in turn was instituted in 1833 (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). Articulation of Thoughts by Preaching Because the, black abolitionists were having difficulty articulating their points of view, â€Å"black leaders kept up a constant battle to reduce racial prejudice in the North† (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). Also because of that, he decided to articulate some of his thoughts by becoming a preacher at the â€Å"black Zion Methodist Church† (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). He negated â€Å"attempts by white southerners to oblige blacks to leave and proceed to Africa† (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.).   This only shows how Frederick Douglass disagrees to â€Å"African colonization schemes† (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). Issuance of Statements in the Liberator In turn, Frederick Douglass’ opposition to â€Å"African colonization schemes† led him to issue â€Å"anti-colonization statements in the Liberator† (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). He did this by: 1) convincing other individuals to subscribe to the â€Å"Liberator†, as well as, another newspaper technically referred to as the â€Å"Anti-Slavery Standard†; and 2) continuing to lecture nationwide about his life and his thoughts about slavery (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). His lectures or speeches entail his personal experiences, for instance about, atrocious whippings set by â€Å"slave-owners to women, children, and elderly people†; â€Å"head of girl covered with festering sores†; â€Å"masters ‘breeding’ their female slaves†; â€Å" clergymen warning slaves that they would be offending God if they disobeyed their masters†; etc (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). Religion and Economic Status of Whites In addition to the aforementioned, he was so determined to â€Å"show how and why the institution of slavery works†, which in turn revealed its rough treatment and unfairness (Douglass n.p.). For Frederick Douglass, slavery is not â€Å"normal†, as opposed to the views of most people wherein religion and economic status has proven that whites should treat blacks as slaves (Douglass n.p.). Informing Through Writing Also, he exposed the evilness of slavery by writing to eventually inform the â€Å"white audience† with regards to the occurrence in the slave plantations including brutal and corrupt behaviors (Douglass n.p.). He wrote about effects or consequences of slavery including: 1) â€Å"slave owners impregnating their slaves†; 2) raping of Black women; 3) unfortunate fate of the slave’s children; 4) dehumanization of both slave owners and slaves; 4) physical effect/s – lash wounds; 5) emotional effects – the pain of knowing that you are unable to put an end to the situation (Douglass n.p.). Imagery For Frederick Douglass, the aforementioned consequences should be kept away from him (Penguin Group USA n.p.). The women who have undergone slavery or abuse that he wrote about were imageries for the purpose of safely keeping Frederick Douglass â€Å"himself from the dehumanized and demeaned body of the slave† (Penguin Group USA n.p.). This is why Frederick Douglass has to say all that about the consequences of slavery for Americans, black and white, North and South (Penguin Group USA n.p.). This is why he directly stated that slavery leads to abuses including, for instance, the: â€Å"stripping and whipping of a woman; beating of slaves; etc† (Penguin Group USA n.p.). References Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. 2006. SparkNotes LLC. 16 November 2007 Frederick Douglass. n.d. n.a. 16 November 2007 http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASdouglass.htm From Slavery to Abolitionist/Editor. n.d. n.a. 16 November 2007 http://www.history.rochester.edu/class/douglass/part2.html Penguin Group USA. Book Clubs/Reading Guide. 2007. n.a. 16 November 2007 http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:7nO6kn0StaAJ:us.penguingroup.com/static/rguides/us/narrative_life_of_frederick_douglass.html+consequences+of+slavery+%2B+Narrative+of+Frederick+Douglasshl=tlct=clnkcd=2gl=phclient=firefox-a How to cite Frederick Douglass, Essay examples Frederick Douglass Free Essays The American Slave In Sharon McElwee’s literary analysis of Frederic Douglass literary piece, â€Å"The Narrative of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, by Frederick Douglass,† Sharon breaks down the different key elements in Douglass’ story that make it so outstanding. Frederick Douglass is famous for his speech given during a time where slavery was still considered acceptable and was used by most wealthy white. Slavery was not viewed as cruel, but a valuable business that could earn them money. We will write a custom essay sample on Frederick Douglass or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although Douglass was not alone, his speech stands out among the others who were fighting for their freedom. Sharon first notices the use of repetition that Douglass uses in his work. She claims that this theme of repetition allows the reader to focus primarily on the content, or message, rather than the literary structure that may sometimes be distracting. Douglass left little room for the imagination and made sure to reiterate and describe exactly what he was saying. She gathers from his works that Douglass wanted to get one main point across; that slavery is dehumanizing and an unfair practice that should be done away with. Because Douglass mentioned these two things numerous times, the reader is able to really connect with the purpose of Douglass argument. Douglass would use words with negative connotation repeatedly throughout his descriptions to help emphasize the fact that nothing good was to be associated with slavery. Sharon even notes that each sentence has a formula that Douglass used to help eliminate any outside thought. Before the semicolon, the first word of each section is the, the second word is an adjective that ends in -er, the third word is either he or she, depending on the subject, and the final word of each section is a verb ending in -ed. This formula makes for easy reading, and again puts the emphasis on the act, allowing the reader to feel they are watching this event unfold in front of them and are able to create their own image instead of some made up, un realistic image that represents a false meaning. Sharon believes that Douglass strongest point throughout his entire work was the incident of the innocent slave being whipped by his slave master for no reason. Sympathy always helps the reader to feel more connected and emotionally involved with the piece. Douglass describes how an innocent slave is beaten for every action he made, no matter if it was right or wrong. This also is made even more powerful by a continuation of repetition throughout his description. Sharon see’s strength in Douglass writing when he describes the beauty of freedom as a ‘glorious resurrection from the tomb of slavery to the heaven of freedom. ’ During this time, the dominant religion was Christianity, therefore Douglass made a spiritual connection with the majority of his readers by making biblical references to the joy of being a free man. Although Sharon sees that Douglass, who is a Christian himself, hates any Christian who owns slaves. Douglass does a good job of hiding this fact from his readers due to his knowledge that a vast majority of his audience would indeed be slave owning Christians. Sharon agrees that Douglass is regarded as one of the greatest anti-slavery works ever written in American history. Through his use of repetition, his emotional and spiritual connection, and his confidence, Douglass was able to get people thinking about right and wrong. His clever writing made it clear and easy for the reader to fully understand his message, leaving no room for doubt about the way Douglass feels about what is going on around him. No fancy tricks, no crazy words, just quick and to the point. The reader gets a up-close and personal look at the unfair treatment of slaves and is allowed to fully understand why slavery should be abolished. I agree with everything that Sharon mentioned in her critique. I would have liked for her to focus more on Frederic Douglass himself and really dig deep into the kind of person he was. I believe, as a reader, that if I felt more acquainted with Frederic I would have connected with her analysis even more. But, Sharon stuck to her job and did a critique on the literary piece and not the author! How to cite Frederick Douglass, Papers

Juveniles in the Adult Justice System free essay sample

It is often seen in the media these days more juveniles are committing serious crimes. Even more often now, we see these adolescents tried and punished as adults. Many are against this practice, but it is actually a smart decision. Often times the adolescent can rectify themselves, as seen in the case of Greg Ousley. A teenager who is capable of perpetrating horrible crimes should be able to handle, and be held accountable for, the punishment that comes along with them. Even though these adolescents may not be completely mature at the time of the crime, they are mentally, emotionally, and physically capable of making adult decisions and for that reason deserve adult consequences. With many of these cases, in which a juvenile does something horrendous such as murder, it is not a mistake or lapse in judgment. It seems kids convicted of these crimes have a desire to commit them. We will write a custom essay sample on Juveniles in the Adult Justice System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the case of a teenager murdering a woman and her husband in Chicago, Jenkins says, â€Å"†¦ he just wanted to ‘see what it would feel like to shoot someone’† (2). This was not a lack of impulse control. This was not an accident. This was a planned murder, outlined and executed by a teenager. Juveniles are capable of thinking of and committing such crimes – they should be capable of dealing with the consequences. Those against giving teenagers these sentences use the fact that their brains are not fully developed. This can indeed lead to erratic behavior and impulse decisions, but it does not mean the child can no longer decipher the difference between right and wrong. In his article, â€Å"Startling Finds on Teenage Brains,† Paul Thompson writes, â€Å"While research on brain-tissue loss can help us to understand teens better, it cannot be used to excuse their violent or homicidal behavior† (11). There will always be teenagers who seek out crime. This does not rely on the level of brain development, because â€Å"If brain development were the reason, then teens would kill at roughly the same rates all over the world. They do not† (Jenkins, 6). Crime is a choice, and those who make this choice should face efficient punishment regardless of their age. Despite the fact that teenage minds may not be fully developed at the time of the crime, this does not mean they should not be held accountable for their actions. There is also still a possibility of teenagers receiving a sentence modification. In the case of Greg Ousley, the prison sentence gave him time to think about why he killed his parents. He created goals for himself and worked hard enough that his prosecutor â€Å"agreed to allow the modification process to move forward, provided that none of the victims’ next of kin†¦ objected† (Anderson). This allows them the possibility to get out early, but only if they prove they are deserving. Because of this, those who work hard and prove they have reformed can be released into the world, while those who are still likely to commit crimes stay in a place where they are unable. The teenagers who wanted a life of crime receive the punishment they deserve, though there is still the possibility of reformation. Sometimes, juveniles make mistakes. However, there are some who deliberately plan out and commit crimes because they enjoy it. Adult punishment should be an option for teenagers who act this way. Juvenile punishment is not adequate to reform these characters; they would be released into the world with the chance of inflicting crime again. In the words of James Q. Wilson, â€Å"Some persons will shun crime even if we do nothing to deter them, while others will seek it out even if we do everything to reform them. Wicked people exist. Nothing avails except to set them apart from innocent people† (Jenkins, 1). Keeping the possibility of adult punishment open is about the only thing we can do.

Mobilink Telecommunications Pakistan free essay sample

This report is a result of the instructions of our teacher, Ms. Sobia Shokat. Who is conducting the course Principles of Management. This effort by the student team will serve two distinct purposes; the first is to establish a comprehensive working model of the management practices at Mobilink. The second advantage is to evaluate the organization from an independent observer’s point of view; this would result in establishing an impartial but critical analysis of the organization. This analysis would help in isolating any problem areas with in the organization that might have crept into its day to day affairs. The report starts off with a brief profile of the organization. It then looks at Mobilink’s parent firm, Orascom Telecom and what values Mobilink have inherited from this multinational telecommunications company. It then looks at the company mission statement, its vision and its core values. Then the report looks at the key management functions of planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling. We will write a custom essay sample on Mobilink Telecommunications Pakistan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then the student team attempts to undertake a SWOT analysis of the organization under the current market and prevalent situation. Then the report looks into the strategic management of the company and how it plans to preserve its position of market leaders in the country by improving on the quality provided to its existing customers and also attracting new consumers so that the company continues to grow in the years to come. Finally the student team has attempted to put forth a list of suggestions to the management of he company so that it helps them not only the current market status of leaders in their field but also to continually grow into the future by providing ongoing value addition improved services and products to its valued customers. Another example is the Karachi to Hyderabad highway. Mobilink commuters that are traveling to and from these cities are able to enjoy the same connectivity standards while on the move. Functions of Management Planning A wise man once said Those who fail to plan, plan to fail Planning involves selecting the mission statement, objectives and the setting of courses of actions to achieves these objectives in the short run and the mission in the long run. Good plans provide a rational approach to achieving pre-selected objectives. It is basically the duty of the senior management to develop plans which if followed in letter and sprit lead to the realization of the objective and goal of the organization. Planning is concerned with the future impact of todays decisions. It is the fundamental function of management from which the other four key function branch out. The organizing, staffing, leading and controlling functions stem from the planning function. The manager is ready to organize and staffs only after goals and plans to reach the goals are in place. Likewise, the leading function, influencing the behavior of people in the organization, depends on the goals to be achieved. Finally, in the controlling function, the determination of whether or not goals are being accomplished and standards met is based on the planning function. The planning function provides the goals and standards that drive the controlling function. In Mobilink, the top management emphasizes a great deal on planning. They spend a lot of time only to plan all the organizational activities and goals and also the methods to achieve them. There are 2 different sets of planning which are done in MOBILINK which are Organizational Planning (Internal recipients) Marketing Planning (External recipients) In organizational planning, the company develops things like the vision, mission statement, the goals, the over all objectives of the organization. This also involves developing a list of alternative strategies on how to achieve these desired results. Then finally the best possible alternative is selected and a course of action is developed to follow. The organizational plans are shared – as per job description and need to know basis – with the internal components of Mobilink. That is the employees – as per their position in the corporate chain – are made aware of what the management wishes to do with the organization and how it plans to go about meeting these objectives. The Marketing plan is something that is more dynamic and market driven. The ultimate recipients of this plan, or the people at which it is directed are the customers of Mobilink. This plan is more of a guideline, a working model which the marketing department uses to come up with newer ways to attract the target audience. Types of Planning Company Mission statement The mission statement broadly identifies what the company is set out to achieve. Our mission is to be the primary telecom operator in the country, providing the best quality services to our customers, value to our shareholders, and a dynamic working environment for our employees. Company Vision This can be called the purpose of the company; it identifies the basic functions of the company Mobilink aims to not only retain its large customer base, but also provide the best possible products and services to its valued customers with continuous innovation and technology. Company Objective These are the activities towards which all the activities are aimed. Be there for you, always We speak your language Aur Sunao! Company Goal The end point of planning, and also the end point of organizing, staffing, leading and controlling Reshaping communications Company Strategy This would be the long term objectives of Mobilink, and the course of action that it takes to achieve these objectives in the short run as well as the long run. To serve the Pakistani telecommunications market effectively Company Policy The general plans or generalized laws or statements that provide a direction to creative thinking. All activities of Mobilink must adhere to the company policy. This policy is stated below Maximize profits staying the cellular phone services business of the country Company Procedure Any plan that handles the future activity of the company. These are chronological sequences of required actions that the management enforces so that the goals are met. The hiring procedures The operations procedures The way in which clients are handled The product development procedure The employee training procedure Company Rules Rules are strict actions that need to be done or avoided. They allow no discretion. Mobilink follows certain rules like no new connections will be provided to those persons that do not have the latest computerized national identity cards. This rule is very strictly enforced and if any employee is found to be in violation of this rule then this bears serious consequences. Company Budget A budget is simple a statement of expected results stated in numbers and figures. The creation or development of such a number is a very tiresome and tedious procedure at Mobilink. The top brass of the company in consultation with the parent firm of Orascom is responsible for the budget creation of Mobilink. Management by Objectives The company is very much managed objectively. This is evident in the fact that all promotions are based on results, and target achievements. The promotions from the post of associate level 2 to associate level 1 is done after complete and through evaluation of the employees performance over a period of two years where he is judged not only on how much business he has brought into the company but also how he has managed to satisfy both internal and external customers on the assigned tasks. His over all outlook towards his job responsibilities are also a good bench mark as to the direction senior management sees him taking. Over all the level of enthusiasm is seen in the individual who is considered for promotion. For motivation, the company engages different professionals who develop leadership skills and team building and trust relationship amongst the many departments of the company. The company is renowned for the many training seminars and motivational workshops that it conducts for its employees. It is not very uncommon for Mobilink employees to travel not other countries, especially those countries where Orascom Telcom has a presence for the training and development needs of its key personnel. Also the company makes use of the various training institutes that exist in the country for professional trainings and employee development. Management is also very flexible towards those employees that want to pursue advanced or higher education during evenings and weekends. In fact certain departmental heads have been know to encourage their sub-ordinates to enroll in masters program and further their careers. Compensation Planning for Employees Compensation is basically what the company pays someone to entice them to continue to do work for the company – it is a critical facet of any managers job. Compensation includes many things beyond straight salary. It also includes benefits, perks, stock options, etc. The company has to balance what these cost against what the employees perceives as their value, and that varies by employee. Mobilink is well known in the corporate world for its very competitive remuneration and fringe benefits. These go a long way in keeping the employees loyal as well as motivated toward achievement of group and individual goals. This ultimately helps the organization grow ten fold. Mobilink measures compensation levels against other employees in the company, against other employees in other companies in similar positions, and against performances It then reevaluates the pay scale and if need be, a revision is carried out. Also Mobilink determines salary ranges for existing positions and adjusts those periodically to compensate for economic factors (cost of living changes, inflation) and competitive pressures (industry demand for that type of employee, profit margins, and of course the employee performance). Finally Mobilink complies with government regulations regarding discrimination, contractor versus employee determinations, and union and other contractual obligations. Organizing Organizing is the second function in the management cycle. Once strategic planning and management planning are implemented, organizing to get the job done is carried out. Organizing can be defined as the act of deploying the resources needed to achieve an identified goal or attain a desired result, including human resources. Principles of Organizing Organizing is based on the following five principles: Unity of command Span of control Delegation of authority Homogeneous assignment Flexibility Organizing Process The organizing process involves these five steps: Determining the tasks to be accomplished Subdividing major tasks into individual activities Assigning specific activities to individuals Providing necessary resources Designing the organizational relationships needed. In MOBILINK, these organizing activities flow from the top of the organization. The top management is concerned about how their plans are formally organized and every effort is made to maintain a strategic control in the organization. Qualities of a good organizer Management thinks strategically about their work while always keeping the final goal in mind and continually making contributions to the goal. This is especially important in the over all growth of the individual employees and ultimately of the company. A qualities working atmosphere include: Imagination Sense of Humor Blurred vision of a better world An organized personality Strong ego/sense of oneself A free, open mind, and political relativity Ability to create the new out of the old Organizational Structure The organizational structure of the company is that there is a board of directors. This board consist of the CEO and other top ranking officials of the Orascom Telecom group of companies in the world. Then Mobilink has the CEO, After him are the chiefs, below them are the directors for individual functional areas of the company. Below these there are the senior managers that look into coordination of overlapping activities and functions of the organization. Then there exist the managers, below these are the assistant managers, the associate levels one and two report to the assistant managers and finally there are field staff in the sales and marketing department. Mobilink consist of more then 650 franchise based distributors through out the country. The number of these distributions is growing with each passing quarter as newer locations and cities are brought into the Mobilink network. Organizational Chart Levels of Management The levels of management and supervisors as defined and developed at Mobilink is as follow. The directors act as direct supervisors for the middle and lower level managers. Above the directors there exist the chiefs that are highly specialized in their functions and demand through compliance of practices and procedures from their employees. Above the chiefs is the CEO who is steering the direction of Mobilink. Structures: Centralized versus Decentralized, Line versus Staff In MOBILINK, working productively and developing feelings of cooperation and effectiveness is one of the key most aspects of the staff functions. This means that not only right people for the right jobs are hired but also developing staff with in the organization so that they can become better managers and grow in their respective fields. In MOBILINK, There are four primary elements in designing an organizational structure: 1. Job specifications what each division/office/unit is responsible for 2. Departmentalization the grouping of jobs and responsibilities in common sectors with the objective of achieving coordination 3. Span of control a definition of how many job roles should be in each unit and which roles require coordination by a unit manager 4. Delegation of authority assigning the right to make decisions without having to obtain approval from a supervisor The resulting organizational structure will vary according to these four elements. An organization with decentralized authority and very heterogeneous departments will appear very different from one with centralized authority and a very homogeneous product. Practical Aspects of Directing Teams When directing a small team it is important to structure the tasks to be performed. Goals should be easily understood by everyone and tasks broken down so that they appear achievable. Nothing will be more demoralizing for ther team than setting them a task which seems impossible. Therefore it is important to define a task as a series of small but significant steps which seem realistic. As the person performs these broken-down steps he/she will still feel that something tangible has been accomplished, and the next step toward finishing will become clear. Goal analysis It is probable that the team leader will want to set goals for the team or project. One such goal may be to improve communications amongst the team. Clearly there will be many different interpretations of this goal by different team members. Goal analysis seeks to remove this ambiguity. Goal analysis should define an abstract goal in terms of concrete criteria, which when met will clearly demonstrate that the goal has been achieved. The criteria should be expressed in terms of actions or results rather than abstractions (which may be ambiguous). There are 5 steps: Write down the goal. At this stage the goal is an abstract thing, and it is important not to worry too much about how the goal is written down a rough definition or idea will suffice. Without editing or judging describe the goal. Get team members to quickly describe what they understand by the goal. At this stage all suggestions should be noted down no ideas are wrong or stupid. This is similar to the technique of brainstorming. Sort. Sort out the ideas generated by 2 into an ordered or prioritised list which defines the goal. At this stage it may become apparent that some ideas are abstractions but are still important. If this is the case use steps 1 and 2 to clearly define these. State each action or result obtained from the step above Make the team read and try to understand the list from step just above this. Test the statements. Ask the question When these all statements have been demonstrated to be true, will the goal have been achieved? Test each statement in turn for relevance. If the answer is yes then the goal has been defined. Factors in Leadership There are many factors involved with good leadership. We view how each of these factors is involved with the way a leader leads. Motivation The key to holding the team together is motivation. In simple terms, motivation can be considered as the amount of effort an individual is willing to put into their work. Therefore, it is important to ensure that any team is highly motivated towards their work. A lack of motivation in any member of a team can have a negative affect, reducing the groups effectiveness and possibly leading to the de-motivation of others. Given the fact that different people are motivated in different ways, the problem facing someone in the role of leader is to create an environment in which each individual fulfils their potential. It is important to highlight the major influences in the motivation of people. According to the influential motivator-hygiene theory, motivation occurs when people have job satisfaction. Job satisfaction can be improved by increasing opportunities for: Achievement Recognition Responsibility Career advancement While not increasing job satisfaction, improvements in the following areas can lessen job dissatisfaction: Supervision Salary Working conditions Six Steps to Motivation Utilized by Mobilink The following steps can be taken to help achieve and maintain group motivation: Provide opportunities for group members to become acquainted. Indicate the importance/value of the group. Make people feel they are important.

gay rights essays

gay rights essays Two men want to adopt a child in Texas. They have been together for five years and a child would be the one detail that would complete their lives. They filled out the application and it was perfect it was the perfect home for a child; except there was one small problem that caused their application to be rejected; the fact that they were gay. These people can never have the life that they desire because of their sexual orientation. Scenes like this are happening all over the country and they are going against every thing America stands for. Every one should have the basic privileges of marriage, children, working at a certain place and much more despite their sexuality. There are reasons for and against to deny homosexuals the rights that heterosexuals have . There is no need to take away peoples dreams and freedoms just because they are different. Homosexuals should have the same legal rights and privileges as heterosexuals in the community and elsewhere. Together with much controversy the state of Vermont has taken a step in the direction of honoring homosexuality. In April of 2000 the House passed a Bill of Civil Unions. (Vermont governor) This bill grants gay and lesbians the benefits of marriage. The governor promised to sign the bill, and the first civil unions may take place July 1st, 2000.(Vermonts gay marriage bill). Consequently some people are outraged by this decision. Dr. Laura Schessionger has been urging her listeners to demonstrate by calls and mail to Vermont that they are outraged by this new bill (Stop Dr. Laura). She is one of the many opposed to being gay. She calls she calls homosexuality Deviant and Dysfunctional, she also calls homosexuals biological mistakes (Stop Dr. Laura) Even if homosexuality is dysfunctional does that mean we have a right to outlaw that lifestyle because the majority opposes it? I think it is courageous and powerful stateme...

W 4 Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

W 4 Marketing - Essay Example This helps in meeting the national goals while reducing the cost of medical services by imposing healthcare coverage (USGOVHHS, 2014). According to Leo, another member of the panel argues that sufficient room for innovation of exchanges in medical reforms has been easily steered through technology. In addition, it alleviates dysfunctional issues that may be associated with medical delivery. Besides, the use of technology by both public and private institutions with an aid by the federal government helps to streamline the model language leading to effectiveness of the performance measure while availing sufficient information to the patients. For instance, somebody who is suffering from diabetes gets an opportunity to access data on the necessary measures needed to make his life sustainable for a very long period (USGOVHHS, 2014). Others members of the panel such as Lori, Leah and Helen contemplate that the use of technology is vital to medical reporting since it helps in the prevention of adverse outcome of care which usually has devastating effects and often fatal than the normal underlying disease. In essence, during surgery, technology is best applied in determining the level of infection in a patient before the actual surgery can be carried out. Other than negligence, this helps in the prevention of adverse effects on out patients. The panel also disclosed that, the use of technology both by public in conjunction with private healthcare institutions facilitates the retrieval of previous data about a patient and for such reasons it becomes very easy for a practitioner to make an informed decision before discharging the treatment to the patient based on his medical history. Moreover, the technological linking of both private and public institutions enhances value benefits amongst all the medical stakeholde rs and this helps in the evaluation, analysis and

Caterpillar Value Chain Strategies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Caterpillar Value Chain Strategies - Assignment Example Through transforming itself to be more focused, responsive, variable and a resilient enterprise, that can connect their businesses end-to-end with suppliers at the one end, and customers at the other, by fusing the best business practices and technology, Caterpillar Inc have successfully introduced accelerated value creation. Caterpillar Inc is the worlds leading manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, diesel and natural gas engines, and industrial gas turbines. The company is a technology leader in construction, transportation, mining, forestry, energy, logistics, electronics, financing and electric power generation. In 2005, Caterpillar posted sales and revenues of $36 billion and a profit of $2.8 billion, maintaining its position as an International supplier and leading U.S. exporter. Currently Caterpillar has more than 85000 employees in its different businesses and divisions world wide. The current success achieved by Caterpillar was no mere coincidence, but due to the strong influence and direction set by its current and former CEO's in periods were Caterpillar lost ground against competitors and registered huge losses. Many different factors influenced the productions, sales and operations during these periods. Factors such as and overvalued dolor, collapse of major markets, union strikes and an inefficient supply chain. To be able to better understand the factors that forced Caterpillar to introduce major changes we need to review each of these trouble periods individually. 1980's Caterpillar has already established an international network of manufacturers, suppliers and dealers after being in the business for more than 75 years. But by 1982 Caterpillar was in trouble with over $1 billion dolor from 1982 through to 1984, with an annual sales figure of approximately $5 billion annually. Factors that contributed to the losses were an overvalued dolor, the concurrent collapse of world markets, a crunching labor strike and the emergence of a fast growing and highly productive competitor, Komatsu. External factors can be seen as an end to a decade long growth in the demand for construction machinery and declining oil prices, led to a decline in investment in the oil exploration and mining operations. The strong dollar versus other currencies resulted in a cost disparity for Caterpillar in relation with their competition and Komatsu an relatively unknown Japanese firm won the market share at the expense of Caterpillar. Komatsu could under price Caterpillar by up t o 30% due to a much higher productivity level. During this time Caterpillar reacted to the downturn in the market by reducing labor cost through freezing employee's wages. This resulted in a national U.S. strike, led by labor unions, which caused huge losses. 1990's In the early 1990's Caterpillar yet again found itself in trouble due to the rise in the value of the dollar and slowing down of demand in construction equipment. At the same time Caterpillar was doing very badly at the stock exchange, limiting the access to capital to support its operations. The CEO of the time took drastic actions to reorganize the company and to yet again cut

International Monetary Fund Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Monetary Fund - Essay Example The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an inter-governmental organization which was established to endorse international money cooperation, systematic exchange arrangements and exchange stability. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) offers the technical and financial assistance to its members in different areas of economic policy–basically in the field of exchange rates, fiscal, monetary and financial sector policies (The World Economy, â€Å"The International Monetary Fund†). Overview of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established in July 1944, under the ‘Bretton Woods System’ which comprised of three international organizations, those were: The International Monetary Fund (IMF): It was established with a purpose of developing International Monetary Cooperation. The International Bank of Reconstruction and Development: This was established with a motive of International Development Assistance and Investme nt. The International Trade Organization: It was established with a motive to develop International Trade. The above three components of The Bretton Woods System were entertained in the context of war, high unemployment, depression, hyper inflation and high fluctuating exchange rates which effected the global economy in the 1930s (Sykes, â€Å"Organisational Information†). ... Surveillance Consultations: Consultations concluded for 120 countries in FY 2010 and for 88 countries in FY 2011 as on 11/02/2011 (The International Monetary Fund, â€Å"The IMF at a Glance†). The IMF’s governing body essentially, is the board of governors. Each state is being represented by their respective elected governor (member of the Board of Governor, IMF). The IMF’s executive board is its executive body, and is comprised of 24 Executive Directors; each of them is either elected or appointed by the members. The executive board of the IMF is responsible for regulating the smooth flow of business of the organization. There are two committees, the International Monetary and Financial Committee and the Development Committee which are appointed by the Board of Governors (Sykes, â€Å"Organisational Information†). Merits and De–Merits The IMF has executed many reforms till date, it has been designed to strengthen its network and improve its capabil ity to perform well and serve its membership efficiently. The IMF has rapidly become an open and transparent organization; it has also inculcated transparency among its membership. Moreover, it is also working to strengthen its economic governance. These aspects have been undertaken through promoting the use of codes and standards as a medium for better financial management, economic and corporate governance. The IMF is also working to safeguard the integrity and stability of the International Financial System globally. More specifically, the IMF, the World Bank along with the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) perform together to strengthen the combat money laundering sectors along with the financial sectors in member countries. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an

Disobeying The Rule Of The Father In Buried Child English Literature Essay

Disobeying The Rule Of The Father In Buried Child English Literature Essay The time of Sophocles dramatizing Oedipus and Antigone has passed and a great many changes has happened to the stage, but since there are things that have no end with the passage of time we still can find traces of myths in our modern drama that are beautifully adapted to our modern era. Sam Shepards family play Buried Child depicts a retelling of many mythic stories from the myth of Oedipus to the Egyptian myth of Osiris. In this essay a mythic light is shed on the stage of Shepards masterpiece. The rules of the family structure are shattered and broken down, especially this is portrayed through the mother-and-son coupling. As Claude Là ©vi-Strauss mentions the incest taboo is a way of obtaining a wife from some man outside his own hereditary line. Something that Tilden is unwilling to do, and because of that he returns to his family home. When Dodge says he is too old to live with his parents, Tilden replies I didnt know where else to go. Levi-Strauss believes marriage is a relationship between two no-relative men to exchange women, something that Tilden has done with his father, the exchanged woman being Halie. So like a classical play the structures have been destroyed and as a result chaos has come. Some critics see the setting of the house as a microcosm of a kingdom. Dodge has become a parody of the patriarch, with his baseball cap crown, sofa throne, and blanket mantle, over which the younger generations fight. His sons battle weakly, having lost their promise and seeming almost as debilitated as their father. (161) in this kingdom of men, all are struggling for dominating the sofa, i.e. Dodges place. His place on the sofa represents the patriarchy or Jacques Lacans Father. He tries to keep his authority in the family, while his sons especially Bradley fight in order to posses it. Bradley, Dodges next son, tries to dominate his father by cutting Dodges hair, but is displaced in turn by Vince, who throws away Bradleys false leg (indicative of Bradleys own impotence) and takes Dodges place on the sofa, which Bradley had tried to inhabit. Each of Bradleys attempts to dominate end in failure with him whimpering for aid. Dodge wills Vince his house, land, and furnishings, disinher iting his own sons in preference for a grandson he hardly knows, and one assumes this can only be a decision based on spite. (161) Bradleys attempts to own the sofa seems ironic, since it seems that Dodge as a father figure has castrated his phallic ego and he is just striving in vain to prove his masculinity. We can inter it when Dodge says to Halie You tell Bradley that if he shows up here with those clippers, Ill separate him from manhood! This happens when Shelley and then Vince steal away his wooden leg from him. Dodge, as the father of the family is the authoritative power and tries to sustain his power; among his offspring Tilden has violated his rules by sexually substitute the fathers place and Bradley is the one who tries to dismantle the father, (he cuts his hair while he is sleeping with wounding his scalp, and wants to posses his sofa and blanket) but it is Vince who is in obedience of Dodge, and because of that Dodge announces him as his successor. Like the myth of Oedipus this family is cursed with an incestuous secret. Tilden talks about his disappeared baby. And the audience just near the end of the play discovers that Tildens missing childs mother has been presumably Halie: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦we were a well-established family once. Well-established. All the boys were grown. The farm was producing enough milk to fill Lake Michigan twice over. Me and Halie here were pointed toward what looked like the middle part of our life. Everything was settled with us. All we had to do was ride it out. Then Halie got pregnant again. Out the middle of nowhere, she got pregnant. We werent playing on havin any more boys. We had enough boys already. In fact, we hadnt been sleepin in the same bed for about six years. (109) The image of their golden years of the past, a well-established family having a productive, fruitful farm is in contrast with the present situation of the family whose lands had not produced crops anymore. That is what happened in the myth of Oedipus whom after killing his father, marrying his mother, Jocasta, and becoming the king of Thebes, is confronted by a plague of infertility that strikes the city of Thebes; crops no longer grow to harvest and women do not bear children. Instead of hanging herself like Jocasta, Halie tries to keep the incestuous sin hidden; she spends most of her time upstairs looking at the family albums and pictures, representing that she is reluctant to realize the present reality, and instead keeps locking herself in the nostalgia of well-established past memories. While Dodge is talking about this secret, Halie claims to go upstairs, but Dodge stops her: Where are you going?! Upstairs?! Youll just be listenin to it upstairs! You go outside, youll be listenin to it outside. Contrary to Halie, Dodge never goes upstairs or even outside, and he even prevents Tilden to go outside too. Upstairs and the family pictures symbolize Dodges consciousness and his conscience, since he is the one that drowned the child. His disinclination to talk about the past is pictured when e.g. Shelley inquires about the baby in the pictures, Dodge refuses to answer, and even in his habit of watching TV instead of facing people and talking to them. Also Dodges drinking is a classic reaction to guilt, as a person attempts to obliterate the memory of his or her past with alcohol. (Abboston 161) As Susan Abboston writes There is an implication that the child may have been the result of an incestuous relationship between Ansel and Halie, who seems to have idolized her youngest son. She fondly recalls how he kissed her, and how she was devastated by his marriage to another, after which he soon died. It is more likely, however, that the father was Tilden, who was so solicitous of the child while it lived, and talks of having lost a son. (Abboston 161) Talking about his son, Tilden uses a plural pronoun We had a baby. Little baby. Could pick it up with one hand. Put it in the other. So small that nobody could find it. Just disappeared. We had no service. No hymn. Nobody came. On the part of Ansel, some critics doubt his existence thinking he may be Halies creation to help her deal with all that has happened. If we take Tilden as an Oedipal character he does not end like Oedipus, but if according to other critics we take Ansel, the youngest son of Dodge and Halie as the childs fa ther, we see that he has already been sacrificed as he has died in a motel room. Not only is the child buried, but also all the characters try to bury themselves too. This family constantly argues over minor things to avoid having to face their own failures and complicities. The number of times characters cover themselves or each other with blankets, coats, or corn husks symbolizes the extent to which all are complicit in hiding from the truth, and each other. This is a family so buried in guilt they have lost the power to communicate even on a daily basis. (Abboston 163) Dodge and Bradley try to cover themselves under the blanket, Tilden hides outdoors among the crops and Halie is hidden upstairs, Things keep happening while youre upstairs, ya know. The world doesnt stop just because youre upstairs. Corn keeps growing. Rain keeps raining. There are many hints that the house is the world of the dead. At the beginning of the play Dodge asks Halie Are we still in the land of the living?(13) Even Dodge considers himself dead when he talks about Halie as Theres life in the old girl yet! Vince gets aware of this world of the dead, and decides to stay in his grandfathers house to renew it. His return to the house after six years also shows the importance of family as peoples root. He realizes that he is connected to this family, that his identity is intricately bound to the bones of this family, notably the male bones. (Hall 102) his looking in the mirror also reminds us of Lacans mirror stage, since he recognizes he is in need of this family in order to have an identity. While looking in the mirror, Vince has discovered an even better device with which to gain a sense of self, complete, whole, and historical through the patriarchal line. The dissolution at the end, however, presents a threat, and it brings Vince back to his home and informs his decision to remain he will stop the dissolution by taking Dodges place, by making the choice that will perpetuate the patriarchy. He has discovered his masculine mission. (Hall 102) In act three, we see bright sun and no sound of rain the suns uncovering from the clouds foregrounds the baby sons uncovering from the earth. Tildens earlier entrances with crops reflect on his final entrance with the corpse: all connect to suggest fertility and progress. Darkness and rain are replaced by bright sun; the rain, having created new growth, suggests that death can be replaced by new life. (Abboston 163) and this is an echo of the myth of Osiris. In the myth of Osiris, often linked to the ritualized death of the corn king, the king dies to return the land to life with his sacrifice-so Dodge, the family patriarch, dies, and the new blood, Vince, inherits the land. (Abboston 164) So that like a Dionysus myth we see death and mingle together, by Dodges death and Vinces authority we confront a restoration, regeneration and renewal. The sun, which has brought out the crops, is echoed by the son Tilden carries in his arms at the close. If the buried child has been the source of the family curse, then its exhumation may signify the end of that curse and an expiation of the sins of the previous generation. The dead son whom the family has avoided and denied has been brought to light and faced, and the murderer, Dodge, has died, allowing the living son, Vince, to take charge with a clean slate. (164)

Careers In The Military, Audio :: Essays Papers

Careers In The Military, Audio The occupation of an audio engineer can encompass many different areas of music production. From recording bands in the studio, synchronizing audio to film, sound reinforcement, to even developing the latest technology in the audio field. The possibilities are broad and seemingly endless. It is a field that is constantly changing, and qualifications are always increasing. Many don’t realize the commitment, drive, hard work and dedication involved with becoming successful in the field. As well as having the patience and reserve to take the time to get the proper training and gain experience. In audio engineering learning the ropes and basics is the most important part of the job, because they become the foundation of everything that the work in based on. Once one achieves these skills the field of careers available to them can encompass many different areas of the business and society, including the military. Since the Department of Defense is so huge (and active) these days the job opportunities it provides are broad and many. Are there job opportunities in the Department of Defense for audio engineering? Since there really are no books that go into this topic I took the opportunity to interview a person who is in such a position. I was referred to Master Sergeant Michael E. Riley, an audio engineer for the United States Air Force Band of the Rockies. His titles include Premier Band Craftsman/Audio and NCOIC/Audio support. MSgt. Riley is a native of Rochester, New York and had been heavily involved in music as a musician (clarinet) since high school. In 1987, he was accepted into SUNY College’s accredited Sound Recording Technology program and studied under Ros Ritchie. After graduating he worked as a recording engineer and freelance musician. In 1993 he â€Å"auditioned† to be an audio engineer for the Band of the Rockies, after which he was accepted. He chose to make this his career and is now in his tenth year with the organization. The United States Air Force band of the Rockies consists of nine performing groups, these include a marching band, concert band, the Rampart Winds (wood wind quintet), The Falconaires (big band jazz), Solar Winds (clarinet quartet), Stellar Brass (brass quintet with percussion), Blue Steel ((rhythm and blues), and Wild Blue Country (county/blue grass).

Childcare system Essay

Many parents that have kids want to stay at ome during the early years of the children’s youth, but after those years they can’t afford to go back to work. Over 50% of moms that usally stay home and want to go to work but just can’t afford to acording to Ms. Truss. About 17% of moms that did work couldn’t earn enough to be able to have money that would last awhile. â€Å"While 12% cited a lack of job opportunities.† Ms. Truss believes that stuff like this shouldn’t stop people from helping the 52% of mom’s find an affordable childcare so that they can go out and looks for an affordable job. Mrs. Truss wants to have a deregulated childcare system, unlike the other childcares, to have a sinle nursery double with the amount of children they are responsable for. â€Å"Anand Shukla, Chief Executive of the Family, Parenting Insitute, and Daycare Trust wonder if carers and the self-employed will be eligible for this financial support and said something about the devil will be in detail†. The Labour has warned if they cut the nursery staffing levels, it could threaten child safty of the children that are being taken cared of while there parents are working. If stuff like this keeps happening, and they do cut nursery staffing levels, i think the problem would get worse, kids might be killed from carlessness from the lowered class nursery staff, more parents would stay home to protect there kids. If they want to provent stuff like this, they can’t cut the nusery staffing level and have to find something that is less important they can cut to be able to let mothers keep there jobs and so there kids can be safe. They could cut off stuff like entertainment or stuff like amusment parks, just some examples but in my oppion, taking care of the future generation is more important than these two examples. As long as they don’t take drastic messures like cutting nursery staffing levels, the future for them looks pretty good as long as they cut stuff of less important value.

response2 Example

Summary/response2 Example Summary/response2 – Coursework Example Summary Summary This paper will summarize and analyze the given articles. The paper will identify the theme and the relationship between articles. Furthermore, the paper will include response on the subject as well.SummaryAccording to the news article it has been told that the unsustainable growth of the prisons in the United States has forced the US attorney general to soften the strict obligatory sentencing relating drug offense. It has been noted that it costs around $80Billion every year to the US government to look after the overcrowded prisons. Furthermore, it was also revealed that the country has the highest number of prisoners. Compared to China, the US has a six times greater rate of incarceration. The attorney waived crime charges on non-violent drug offenses. These reforms are also supported by President Obama as well (Sanchez, 2013). ResponseThe theme of one article is banking and economy while the other one revolves around the prisons and economy of the United States. I n both the articles, it has been noticed that there is a relationship between the subject and economy of the country (Sanchez, 2013). Both the articles had illustrated that because of banking and increased number of prisoners the US economy had has suffered a lot. However, for the article by Associated Press on Citigroup highlights the reason of economic crisis while the article by Raf Sanchez on US drug sentencing has highlighted that the previous sentencing practices were affecting young African Americans. According to my opinion, both the authors have correctly brought light on these issues and have provided the reasons behind them. However, compared to US, China is not facing such issues. ReferenceSanchez, R. (2013, August 13). US to soften guidelines for drug sentences in face of US$80 billion a year costs and overcrowded prisons. Retrieved from nationalpost.com: http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/08/13/u-s-to-soften-guidelines-for-drug-sentences-in-face-of-us80-billion-a-year-c osts-and-overcrowded-prisons/

9 Great Excuses for Missing Work

9 Great Excuses for Missing Work There are tons of valid excuses  for missing work. But it’s not foolproof†¦there are also tons of reasons that are totally not valid, and will likely earn you a trip to the professional dog house. 1. Valid excuse: You’re sick.Invalid excuse: You’re sick with a fever whose only cure is more cowbell.2. Valid excuse: There’s been a death in your family.Invalid excuse: There’s been a death on your favorite TV show.3. Valid excuse: You’re having a personal emergency.Invalid excuse: You’re having a fashion emergency.4. Valid excuse: You fell and injured yourself.Invalid excuse: †¦Running for the ice cream truck. (Just leave that part out.)5. Valid excuse: You’re celebrating a religious holiday.Invalid excuse: Your â€Å"religious holiday† is corroborated only by a weirdly sparse Wiki page that was updated last by someone with your usual screen name.6. Valid excuse: You’re having a childcare crunch.Invalid exc use: You’re having drama because you’re out of Cap’n Crunch.7. Valid excuse: You’re getting married.Invalid excuse: A royal is marrying that beautiful commoner who totally could have been you if only you’d been able to afford that spring break in Luxembourg.8. Valid excuse: The weather is bad, and so are the roads you’d be commuting on.Invalid excuse: Your psychic told you it might snow this afternoon. (And it’s June.)9. Valid excuse: You need a mental health day.Invalid excuse: Your pet needs you at home while he works through some personal issues.

Woman in Law Enforcement Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Woman in Law Enforcement - Term Paper Example It is strange to see that women compose around 46.5% of the total workforce yet their numbers in law enforcement agencies hover around 10%. This disparity is negatively affecting policing in particular and law enforcement in general. The numbers of women in law enforcement agencies has not registered a substantial increase in the last decade or so. A number of sociological and criminal justice problems are to blame for such a situation. In order to discern this problem better, it is pertinent to compare the trends of hiring women in law enforcement agencies historically and in the present scenario. This can be used to delineate the various sociological and criminal justice issues at work. A look at reasons to hire women law enforcement officers will offer great insight into the need for more women law enforcement agents. Historical and Modern Perspectives on Women in Law Enforcement Historical Developments Women have been employed in law enforcement since the 19th century in various positions in America. Historically, women were consigned to clerical tasks or were hired as dispatchers. This continued till the 1970’s when women were encouraged to take up law enforcement roles through myriad cop and detective shows in the media. Another major factor behind this development was the civil rights movement and the ensuing affirmative action laws that effectively paved women’s way into law enforcement agencies. ... At this point in time, women furnish an estimated 12% of all positions in law enforcement agencies. Recent Trends A study conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) over women’s role in law enforcement is very revealing of the actual situation on ground. The study was conducted between 1987 and 2008 and focuses on the participation of women in law enforcement. The report clearly indicates that the number of women officers sworn in law enforcement agencies increased very little in federal, state and local agencies. The trend analysis of some 53 law enforcement agencies revealed that the percentage of women officers was 14% in 1998 which went up to 15.2% in 2008 which represents a 1.2% increase in a 10 year period. This indicates an average increase rate of 0.12% annually which represents extremely slow growth. The largest increase in the number of women officers was witnessed in the USPIS (United States Postal Inspection Service) and the IRS (Internal Revenue Service) which was some 7%. Both jobs are more clerical than field related. Furthermore, the U.S. Forest Service as well as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service experienced a net decrease in the number of women officers which went down from 16.1% in 1998 to some 15.9% in 2008. Other than this the distribution of women law enforcement officers is significantly different for large law enforcement agencies versus small law enforcement agencies. (Langton) Women law enforcement officers accounted for 15% of the total within the larger police departments in 2007. In contrast, women law enforcement officers accounted for 13% of the total within the larger sheriff’s offices. On the other hand smaller law enforcement agencies with 1 to 10 full time officers are composed of 6% women only. Smaller

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 144

Assignment Example The ‘ice cold’ phrase mentioned on the product also helps in the attraction of the people to buy the coca cola product (Shimp &Terence 58). Additionally, it indicates that its product is a delightful and also heathful to both men and women. Convesely,it also includes the students indicating that it is cold enough for them during the athletics (Shimp &Terence 58). The presence of condoms is highly expanding in the contemporary culture for the youth. This makes their advert offensive due to its unethical presentation. This advertisement has really led many of the youths to sexual activities and various disease transmissions. Additionally, the display of the product on the advert is not pleasing to people and thus the product is not largely marketable. The company uses such an advert to attract customers but the advert also shifts the people’s cultural landscape. Again the company also displays nude people expressing sex action on a bed. This is an offensive advert because it encourages immorality in the society. It is contrary with the culture and thus people do not buy the product (Shimp &Terence

The Market System and the Circular Flow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Market System and the Circular Flow - Essay Example The idea of the invisible hand suggests that when competition is assumed, public and private interests coincides. The visible hand also suggests that if the profits of the firms are maximized, the society’s output would in return be maximized. The visible hand theory has two main virtues in the marketing system where it creates room for economic freedom and allocates resources effectively and efficiently. The invisible hand theory also suggests that it is individual’s motivation that drives the growth and development of the economy. EcoCommerce101 suggests that invisible hand theory should the concept of transaction among two individuals. The generated information is absorbed by the two economic participants, therefore, allowing proper allocation of resources. Individuals will always try to produce and provide best goods and services that the people are willing and able to buy; therefore, promoting the interests of the society (Basu, 2010). Meanwhile, the government is also responsible in regulating the types of businesses to be established in a certain region to avoid congestion. The government uses the idea of imposing high taxes to its resources. Conclusively, it does not mean invisible hand is only beneficial t o the economy, but the participants might also experience

Analysis of Lady in Black by Francis Cadell Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Lady in Black by Francis Cadell Essay Francis Campbell Boileau Cadell, associated with the Scottish colourists was born in Edinburgh in 1883 and by the age of 16 was studying at the Academie Julian in Paris. During his career he was very much influenced by the Fauvists such as Matisse and on his return to Scotland exhibited much of his own work in Edinburgh Glasgow and London. He died in poverty at the age of 54 after the economic climate made it difficult for him to sell any of his work. He painted landscapes (mainly those of Lona which were a favourite of his), interiors, still life and figures in oil and watercolour but is known most for his portraits of glamorous women. One such portrait, completed in 1921, is ‘Lady in Black’ painted in oil. The painting has a rather macabre mood as the woman within the picture has a reflective expression on her face as if longing for the past. There is a mirror behind her, which may also add to the idea of reflection. She is dressed in black, which adds to the morbid mood as it could indicate she is mourning the death of a loved one. Her body language also expresses sadness as her posture is quite slumped, and the small flowers seen behind her could have been meant for a grave. The shadow over her eyes caused by her large hat makes them look undefined and blurry, giving them a sad, depressed look. The painting itself is also very dark as there is very little light and the colours used are very dull and grey, adding to the dreary mood. The media is used very loosely, in an almost impressionistic manner, which may have sprung from Cadell being exposed to the work of the Impressionists who were active in Paris at the time he was being educated there. He uses strokes of bold colour such as the woman’s lips, the flowers in the background and the pink furniture reflected in the mirror. These strong reds and pinks could symbolise love or passion, which adds emphasis to the woman’s lost love. This piece was more or less typical of the Scottish Colourist movement, but also contains undertones of impressionism as not much line is used; instead different colours are layered on top of each other, as the impressionists were known to do. It is a very realistic piece with a well-expressed dreary, nostalgic mood.

Oxfam Marketing Analysis

Oxfam Marketing Analysis The charitable organisation chosen in this assignment is Oxfam international organisation. Oxfam standing for Oxford Committee for Famine Relief was founded in Britain in 1942 by a group who ran campaigns for food supplies to send for starving women and children in .. (Oxfam, 2012) In 1955, the Oxfam international charitable organisation was formed by a group of 17 independent non- government organisations in 94 countries with the aim to reduce the poverty and injustice. This assignment will discuss various activities of what Oxfam does and how this organisation raise money including fundraising campaign, the awareness programs, organizing inspirational events, etc. running shops which Oxfam has been doing to get money and implement 2 important objectives of the organisations including fighting poverty and fighting for right. Also, this assignment will explain various market and environmental factors which affect the organisation present and future direction. These factors include micro environment and macro environment. In an organization, marketing department is often considered as one of primely important departments to contribute to an organisations success. So, the roles and duties of marketing staffs cannot be denied to success of the department and the organization. This assignment will also discuss about the role play by the marketing staffs of The Oxfam international charitable organization. ANALYSIS The organisations activities Oxfams objectives is fighting poverty and for human rights, in more specific term, injustice in all over the world. The organization has worked world-wide to enable people to act for their rights and manage for their own lives. They believe that everyone has the right to access the essentials of life such as food, clean water, shelter, healthcare, sanitation, education, and livelihood to support themselves, their families and the society. Also, everyone has the right to live free from injustice such as gender injustice, oppression, human violence. So, how does Oxfam accomplish its aims ? The organization has been run many activities including running fundraising campaign, entertainment event, to get money from the donors as well as run many shops selling donated items from donors or products from companies. They will use all the money to support poor and needy people and victims of injustice, so that, these people can eliminate their difficulties and have better life. Firstly, Oxfam believes that poverty is not inevitable , however, it is a real challenge to overcome (Oxfam). To tackle this challenge, Oxfam has been focusing on 2 important areas which are economic justice and Essential services. With economic justice, Oxfam Charitable organization aim is that more men and women will realize their right to secure and durable livelihoods (OXFAM INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN 2007-2012). To achieve this aim, Oxfam charitable organization works together with many allies and partners in all over the world to accomplish 3 things which are making agriculture work, achieving fairer trade rules, and decreasing the impacts of climate change. They make more agriculture work for poor farmers and labors living in susceptible circumstances to reduce the economic differences among people. They also work to make sure farmers in poor countries have fair trade in world trade. By this activity, farmers in poor countries can access to the big fair trade zone such as EU agricultural markets. For example, Oxfam urges EU to allow Arab countries to fully access to EU agricultural markets while keeping a certain level of protection to their rural development needs (Euro-Med: Seeds of a raw deal?). Oxfam, in addition, supports vulnerable people, especially in agriculture, to adapt climate change. With essential services, the target of Oxfam is that people in poor condition, especially women and girls realize their rights to accessible and affordable essentials of life such as food , clean water, shelter, healthcare, sanitation, edu cation. This activity of Oxfam is focusing on demanding national governments to perform their responsibilities as well as their commitments in delivery of these essentials, supporting civil society organizations to push these governments to take their responsibilities in supplying these essentials, and making sure that rich countries and international associations will donate more funds as well as commit their promise on aid and debt reduction. Secondly, besides fighting poverty, Oxfam is also fighting injustice, especially gender injustice. Oxfam believes that Poverty often happen when peoples basic rights are violated. So that, fighting injustice is one of many ways to fight poverty (Oxfam, 2012). In more specific area, Oxfam fight gender injustice. The goal of Oxfam in this activity is to help more women attain power in their lives, live their lives without violence, and have the right to make decisions. This activity aims to change women attitudes, thinking and beliefs about relation of men and women in order to reduce the rate of violence to women as well as eliminate the gender differences in the work place . This activity supports women to engage more activities, access to leadership at all levels and have the rights to make decisions, so that, they can gain their power over and manage their own lives. Oxfam is known as one of the top charitable organizations in UK as well as around the world. Like other charitable organizations, Oxfam have to do fundraising to get money for activities that they are doing for people and it has to comply to UK legal principles and international laws and regulations for charitable organizations as well. There are many activities which Oxfam have been conducting to raise funds for the organization. There are 2 types of activities that the organization, specifically members of the organization, perform to raise money, and they are direct and indirect activities. First of all, indirect activities of a charitable organization would include activities such as †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Influences of Market and Environment Factors to the Organization. In the 21st century, Profit organizations and Non-for-profit or charitable organizations have to face many challenges. The rapid changes of the economy environment in national and international sphere require these organizations re-formulate and implement new strategies, objectives to meet new challenges. Together with formulate the strategies, objective, the organizations themselves need to make changes to enjoy the competitive advantage from other competitors. As a charitable organization, Oxfam has to face with some changes and challenges that they never faced in the past which are climate change and its consequences, famines and crises of the prices, global financial crises, limitation of energy, proliferation of weapons, urbanization, shortages of natural resources, etc (Oxfam, 2012) . http://www.oxfam.org/en/about/what/purpose-and-beliefs To adapt these changes, Oxfam has to figure out what market and environment factors and forces may influence on their strategies, objective and future direction. There forces can be classified into 2 types which are micro environment and macro environment (Jobber, 2001). The micro environment consisting of factors such as suppliers, customers, distributions and competitors may directly influence the organisations ability to manage to supply their products and services to their selected markets. The macro environment includes various broader forces which not only affect the organization itself but also all factors in the micro environment. These factors in macro environment consist 6 key groups under demographic environment, economic environment, technological, political-legal, and social-cultural environment ( Kotler, †¦). While the micro environment factors can be managed and controlled by the organisation, the macro environment factors are uncontrollable. (Kotler, ). There are 2 types of approaches which are undertaken by Oxfam to analysis the micro or internal environment and macro or external environment market environment. They are PEST analysis and SWOT analysis. PEST ANALYSIS ; SWOT ANALYSIS To analyse the macro environment, it is helpful to indentify all the factors which may affect the organisations demand level, supply level, and cost (Kotter and Schlesinger, 1991). kotler (1998) claims that PEST analysis is a tool which is very helpful for an organization to understand their position in the market, the stage of their business like growth or decline. Together with SWOT analysis, an organization can identify their strengths, weakness, potential opportunities or threads. So that, the organization can develop plan, strategy and direction for operation properly. The marketing of the charitable organization is quite different from marketing of any other profit organizations. While the profit organization can earn the profits by their business by hiring and paying their staffs to achieve the target, the charitable organization keeps their jobs going by getting the donations from donors and supports from volunteers. The Oxfam charitable organization run their all activities not for profit maximization, but more on collecting the money which they get and helps people who are in poverty and need help such as poor farmers, children, women, illiterate, etc. Like other profit and not-for-profit organization, Oxfam charitable organization is affected by market and environment forces. Firstly, economic factor may be the first factor which affects the Oxfams income in particular period obviously because the salary and income of common donors may be affected by the economic conditions such as inflation, high rate of unemployment. The changes of economic condition also affect the selling of products of many of Oxfams shops (Oxfam, 2004?) . Secondly, Oxfam charitable organization is affected by the legal-political environment which varies from country to country. As a international organization, Oxfam affiliates are all over the world. All their activities have to comply with each countrys laws, regulations, legal framework to avoid the illegal form in collecting donations which could affect their image in the future. For example, in UK, all the activities and operations of charitable organizations have to follow the regulations of   the Charities Act, 2006 () which requires the organization keep the annual records, prepare annual account and publish to public on request. So, the Oxfam organization in UK has to follow this regulation strictly in keeping all record about the income, expenditure from fundraising campaign as well as shop selling activities. PHILOSOPHIES Known as one of significant charitable firms in the world, Oxfams marketing concept can be considered as Societal marketing concept. The firm with societial marketing concept manages their marketing strategy in the way that emphasizes on determining and satisfying the needs, wants and interests of target market more efficiently and effectively than competitor. of poor people and people living in poverty and SEGMENTATION; TARGETING; POSITIONING When an organization knows about their target audience, they know everything and it is much easier for them to able to communicate with their target audience. There are many factors that an organization should know about target audience, which can be age, gender, income, types of products they use, programs they watch, etc. The target market of Oxfam charitable organization is the people in poor condition and needs assistances from all areas, regions, religions, etc in all over the world. The target market of the organization also emphasizes on people who are living in condition of injustice, specially women and girls. http://www.oxfamtrailwalker.org.nz/about/oxfam http://www.oxfam.org/en/about/what/purpose-and-beliefs http://www.oxfam.org/en/about/why http://www.oxfam.org/en/about/accountability/strategic-plan

Workplace Violence and How to Prevent it Essay -- Workplace Health and

Workplace Violence and How to Prevent it The Workplace is considered a second home for many people because a work shift may range 8 to 12 hours daily. Based on that fact alone it is important to feel safe, comfortable and content in the workplace. Despite the differences in the public and private sector the mission, goals and objectives of any organization can be similar. For example, productivity, cost effectiveness, efficiency, profit or goods/services and the safety within the establishment is equally important. Unfortunately, the challenges that face management are increasing rapidly and during the past 2 decades "Violence in the Workplace" has become an increased fear among employers and employees. Violence in the Workplace can be defined as" (1) any problem related to the workplace or away from the workplace if it relates to the job" http://www.state.il.us/isp/viowkplc/vwpp1.htm. Violent incidents that may occur on site and violence that occurs away from the job but is job related. Types of job related violence away f rom the job may include telephone harassment, stalking and confrontations. Violence in the workplace has intensified from idle threats to homicides and the majority of assailants are reportedly domestic partners, strangers, customers or clients and employees. "Homicide was the third leading cause of occupational death from 1980 to 1985, accounting for 13 percent of all workplace deaths" (2) http://www.nsi.org/Tips/workdeth.txt. More recent data indicates that the statistics and fear is increasing and the level of safety is decreasing. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), reports "nearly 7000 workers were victims of homicide in the workplace during the period of 1980 to 1989... ...ace". accessed October 17, 1999 available from http://www.workviolence.com ;Internet. Marianne Minor. "Preventing Workplace Violence; Positive Management Strategies". Crisp Publications, Park, Menlo, California, 1995, pg.20. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). "Workplace Violence" available from http://www.osha-slc.gov/SLTC/workplaceviolence/index.html accessed November 19, 1999 Internet. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). "Workplace Violence" available from http://osha.gov/oshinf/priorities/violence.html accessed on November 21, 1999; Internet. Robertson, Dirk. "Violence in your Workplace; How to Cope". Souvenir Press, London, 1993, pg. 19. Tyler, Mary P. "A Manager's Guide: Traumatic Incidents at the Workplace. U. S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) 1993.