Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Similarities and Differences Between Christianity Hinduism

Examine and comment on contrasting standpoints about God and/or existence in relation to the topic you have investigated. Christianity and Hinduism seem to have profoundly different views in relation to God and/or existence. For example, creation within Christian belief is primarily ex-nihilo (out of nothing). God created everything in 7 days from the light and darkness, to the day of rest. This can be illustrated by reference to Genesis 1:1 – 2:4a â€Å"In the beginning God created the heavens and the Earth† From this it is quite clear that God pre-existed before the beginning of creation. In contrast, Hindus reject the concept that something can come from nothing for several reasons such as, the Bhagavad Gita (BG) states the eternality of†¦show more content†¦Also, confusion and doubt at times. Although, in the case of a relationship with God/Goddess, it includes faith – which is necessary for God is so unique and incomparable. We can compare faith in Christianity and Hinduism; for example, Job, an extremely righteous man innocently suffering the loss of his possessions and family, still devotes himself to God: ‘Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him: but I will maintain mine own ways before him’ - his faith is not broken and he is later rewarded; this is similar to Jnana Yoga in Hinduism beliefs. The faith performed in the practice is the key because ultimately the intellect is abandoned; utter dedication to a true understanding of one self will result in liberation (Moksha). Thus showing that both religions similarly have a challenging faith to undertake, although Christianity is more based on trust and understanding; they follow rules (the 10 commandments) to show God their dedication and faith; whereas in Hinduism, you are trying to gain the trust and understanding for yourselves. (E.g. in yoga, the realisation after all desires of Samsara are ridden, that you are one, everything is one) From this, suffering is understandably a major problem for both religions. For Christians, there are many arguments for the resolution of suffering; however the main one being reinforced by Augustine stating that since God endowed people with free will, we are able toShow MoreRelatedDifference and Similarities Between Christianity and Four (4) World Religion, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Muslims and Hinduism.2305 Words   |  10 Pages Title: Difference and Similarities between Christianity and Four (4) World Religion, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Muslims and Hinduism. Introduction: In the world today there are many religions of different beliefs with vast numbers of followers. However, some of these religions turn to have similarities and differences which defer them from each another. The following report briefly talks about the differences and similarities between Christianity and other four (4) major world religions and theyRead MoreChristianity And Hinduism : A Theological Perspective1391 Words   |  6 PagesWhen looking at Christianity and Hinduism there are many ways to look at each religion from a theological perspective. This is why the best way to look at the broad view of these religions would be to analyze each by comparing and contrasting what each religion is about. The first point to look at would be at how Hinduism and Christianity are very similar in how they view the world. This can be seen in how they both strive to achieve a state of higher being whether it be with the eternal stateRead MoreChristianity And Hinduism .According To The Human Truth1601 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity and Hinduism According to the human truth foundation (2017) â€Å"religions are shared collection of transcendental beliefs that have been passed on from believers to converts, which are held by adherents to be actively meaningful and serious and either based on formally documented doctrine or established cultural practices.† There are many religions in the world some are old as the beginning of time and some are newer. Hinduism is one of the oldest organized religion in the world. Read MoreChristianity, Hinduism, And Islam1054 Words   |  5 PagesEvery religion has its own goal, and their own believes, however there are also many similarities in their believes. Although the followers of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam may see things differently, they basically hold the same values and codes. To Islam, the Prophet Mohammad’s teaching is a â€Å"complete and final revelation†. On the other hand, according to the bible, Christianity believes that Jesus Christ is the true lord and savior will grant you the access to heaven in the afterlife. JudaismRead MoreComparison And Contrast Of World Religions1194 Words   |  5 PagesReligions The religions of the world, while differing greatly in their specifics, are surprisingly similar. The three most prevalent religions in the world are Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism, in that order. All believe in a higher power that presides over and created man. Islam originated in approximately 609 C.E., or Common Era, and Christianity originated around 33 C.E. which is supposedly when Jesus Christ was crucified. The main prophet of Islam, Muhammad, is supposedly of the lineage of Jesus ChristRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Hinduism Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesChristianity Versus Hinduism Christianity and Hinduism, are two of the worlds oldest religions. Although they are very different religions they share one main goal; salvation. However, their idea of salvation and what they have to do ,and what must be done to attain salvation are very different. Two main similarities between the Hindu religion and Christian religion are referred to by different titles; nevertheless they are represented by the same action. One example of these similarities wouldRead MoreArgumentative Essay On The Afterlife969 Words   |  4 Pagesvariety of schools of thought. Arguably the most popular theory is derived from Christianity, it speaks of the tale of an all-powerful being, creating the world and its inhabitants. He creates man, the most intelligent animal of them all, in his image and mortal by nature. This mortality will invertibility lead to other worlds, beyond the reach of an earth-bound being. Another highly popular theory is that presented by Hinduism. In this series of beliefs, man lives in a universe created by Brahma, a beautifulRead MoreReligion And Its Impact On Religion Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesReligion can be one of the most controversial topics in conversation due to difference of opinion not to mention beliefs. People have individualism, free will, and culture that determines the way to live life as well as perspectives about the afterlife. Wars have continued through centuries over religious perspectives and dissimilar beliefs even though there are many similar traits within major religions worldwide. Time continues to move although lives are lost over mistrust, hate and divide ofRead MoreChristianity And Buddhism And Christianity1468 Words   |  6 PagesChristianity and Buddhism exist as two of the predominant religions throughout the world. While Buddhism ranks around fifth in number of followers of religions, it is the third most widespread religion behind Christianity and Islam. Buddhism and Christianity are arrantly distinct in their principle standpoints: Buddhism rejects the existence of a greater being and Christianity proudly professes the power of a universal God. However, despite this rigid dissimilarity, both religions developed and spreadRead MoreA Comparsion of the Bhagavad Gita vs The Gospels Essay1160 Words   |  5 Pagesthat is an excellent candidate to stand up next to the Gospels is the Bhagavad-Gita (or just the Gita). These two texts can depict similarities and differences between the two cultures presented: Christianity and Hinduism. Keeping an open mind when reading cultural texts is what makes the texts more interesting and informs the reader more clearly. The analysis between one western text and one non-western text can really widen the perspective of one person. Due to the fact that Krishna from the Gita

Sunday, December 22, 2019

The Inaugural Speech By John Fitzgerald Kennedy Essay

On January 20, 1961, under the witness of two thousand people who gathered on the east front of the Capitol, John Fitzgerald Kennedy took the oath of office to become the United State’s 35th president. He then delivered an inaugural speech which is considered one of the greatest speeches in the 20th century. In the speech, Kennedy called on all Americans to commit themselves to service and sacrifice to make a peace future for the US and the rest of the world. By using various rhetorical devices and words and building of American pride, the emotional appeals remain strong throughout his entire speech. Also, his also utilize logos effectively to compel his audiences by means of adopting references in past and analyzing current situation. In addition, he established his credibility (ethos) by stressing the importance of God to himself and the future of the United States. Moreover, the speech itself is a fitting response due to its timing when the relationship between the Soviet U nion and the western world exacerbated. In the same breath, the speech satisfied its audience by expecting a peace future of the world. Kennedy’s use of pathos is the most represented appeal in his speech. From the beginning of the speech, he referred his victory of winning the election is also a â€Å"celebration of freedom†, since it is â€Å"symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning---signifying renewal, as well as change.† In the next paragraph, he said â€Å"Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well orShow MoreRelatedLeslie Cardoso. Leslie Cardoso. Ap English 3. P.3.1082 Words   |  5 PagesLeslie Cardoso Leslie Cardoso Ap English 3 p.3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The JFK Inaugural Address On January 20, 1961, John Fitzgerald Kennedy delivered one of America s few standout inaugural addresses and one of the finest speeches in American history. By invoking the American dream and extending its promise to the rest of the world, Kennedy s speech was an inspirational call to action that resonates even today. John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s Inaugural Address, The article â€Å"Inside Kennedy’s Inauguration, 50 Years on†Read MoreJohn F. Kennedy Inaugural Address1099 Words   |  5 Pagesbrighter than one of our own presidents. It was January 20, 1962 when John Fitzgerald Kennedy took stage to be the thirty-fifth president of the United States. Written by Kennedy in late November of 1960, his inauguration speech goes to explain the various changes of the world as Kennedy campaigned to â€Å"get the country moving again.† His speech begins to address the differences of the generations as he wants to â€Å"pass the torch.† Kennedy expresses vario us ways of getting people together which he basesRead MorePublic Service: John F. Kennedys Inaugural Address1219 Words   |  5 PagesPresident John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address is considered one of the greatest speeches in history and one of the shortest Inaugural Addresses at just 15 minutes. He attempts to build up America’s pride and calls the nation to support their country. He describes these goals using a variety of rhetorical devices to increase public reaction. His short but powerful speech gives comfort to an American public fearful of war. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born May 29, 1917, into a new wealthy CatholicRead MoreJohn F. Kennedys Inaugural Address1049 Words   |  5 PagesJohn F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address Ceremonial speeches are given to mark ceremonial events and help a society move beyond their differences. John F. Kennedy gave a ceremonial speech, his inaugural address, on January 20th, 1961, marking one of the most historic speeches in time. In John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address speech, that is being evaluated today, the author uses social cohesion as a call for the nation to give back to the country, as we should do of course, and to ask, and expect lessRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy and His Inaugural Address Essay1067 Words   |  5 Pageswill forever be a day that marks a special moment in time in which President John Fitzgerald Kennedy delivered one of the most memorable speeches in American History. His Inaugural address is one in which many famous quotes come from and one that is emulated in present speeches. In order to understand the importance of this inoculation one must understand the atmosphere of our nation at that time and what President Kennedy was try ing to get across to his constituents. In this essay I will give youRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of John F. Kennedys Speech746 Words   |  3 Pages John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts. As a young man Kennedy rapidly climbed the political latter by initially representing a working class Boston district in the United States Congress, then escalated to the House of Representatives, followed by the United States Senate, and ending with the victorious defeat of his presidential opponent, to become the 35th president of the United States of America. According to theatlantic.com, Kennedy was so wellRead MoreMicroscopic Look At Jfk s Inaugural Address982 Words   |  4 PagesLook at JFK’s Inaugural Address The 1960’s was a time when the world was facing the Cold War and America was facing the Civil Rights Movement. On January 20, 1961, at the age of 43, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was sworn into office as the 35th President of the United States. As the youngest president of the United States, Kennedy needed to prove to the American citizens that he was a great leader and that they did the right thing to elect him. (History.com) The night before JFK’s inaugural it snowed soRead MoreDreams of John F. Kennedy700 Words   |  3 PagesInaugural Address: The Dreams of John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy; even today 50 years after his death, his name still inspires Americans and others around the globe. President Kennedy was elected in 1960; this was the start of a new decade and a new generation and was a time of great change in our nation. Kennedy was the youngest U.S. president in our history and when sworn into office spoke his Inaugural Address. His Inaugural speech addresses many problems faced by Americans and many otherRead MoreRhetorical Devices In President John F. Kennedys 1961 Inaugural Address935 Words   |  4 PagesIn the legendary words of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy, â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.† Though the quote may appear simple, its rhetoric makes it one of the most memorable components of his speech’s message. Kennedy conveys that, in partnership with the audience, he will advance the American people and people abroad. President Kennedy’s 1961 Inaugural A ddress included several rhetorical devices are utilized to create effects within the audienceRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy Inaugural Address1532 Words   |  7 Pages20, 1961 John F. Kennedy. What do all these dates and names have in common is a question you may ask. One is that each name is of one of the many presidents of the United States. Two is the dates are the dates of each ones Inaugural address. The first ever Inaugural address was done April 30, 1789 by none other than the United States first president George Washington. Many have heard and Inaugural address but just in case you happen not to know what one is an Inaugural address is a speech given during

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Frederick Douglass Free Essays

This paper attempts to reintroduce the abolitionist Frederick Douglass who played a large role in ending slavery in the United States just before the Civil War. It also intends to answer the question, â€Å"What does Frederick Douglass have to say about the consequences of slavery for Americans, black and white, North and South?† Who is Frederick Douglass? Frederick Douglass was responsible for the abolitionist movement, which actually put an end to slavery which has been occurring in the United States just before the Civil War (Frederick Douglass n.p. We will write a custom essay sample on Frederick Douglass or any similar topic only for you Order Now ).  What does Frederick Douglass have to say about the consequences of slavery for Americans, black and white, North and South? Change of Name The fact that he found out that â€Å"southern slave catchers were roaming the city looking for fugitives in boarding houses that accepted blacks†, his initial reaction to this was not to trust anybody he would meet along the way as he journeys through his life (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). However, as he came looking for a job and a shelter, he met David Ruggles, â€Å"who actually harbors runaway slaves and assisted them reach safe locations in the United States, as well as, Canada† (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). He also altered his name to avoid being arrested (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). He changed it from Frederick Baily to Frederick Douglass (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). Subscriber of Liberator At first though, his reaction was not that obvious since he â€Å"worked as a common laborer† wherein â€Å"he sawed wood, shoveled coal, dug cellars, as well as, loaded and unloaded ships†   (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). However, when he was offered to subscribe to a newspaper called â€Å"Liberator†, which was â€Å"edited by the articulate leader of the American Anti-Slavery Society, named William Garrison†, he also â€Å"felt really sorry† for the slaves (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). Membership to the American Anti-Slavery Society After that, he joined the abolitionist movement wherein he attended â€Å"lectures in New Bedford† (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). He became an official member of the â€Å"American Anti-Slavery Society†, which in turn was instituted in 1833 (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). Articulation of Thoughts by Preaching Because the, black abolitionists were having difficulty articulating their points of view, â€Å"black leaders kept up a constant battle to reduce racial prejudice in the North† (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). Also because of that, he decided to articulate some of his thoughts by becoming a preacher at the â€Å"black Zion Methodist Church† (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). He negated â€Å"attempts by white southerners to oblige blacks to leave and proceed to Africa† (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.).   This only shows how Frederick Douglass disagrees to â€Å"African colonization schemes† (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). Issuance of Statements in the Liberator In turn, Frederick Douglass’ opposition to â€Å"African colonization schemes† led him to issue â€Å"anti-colonization statements in the Liberator† (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). He did this by: 1) convincing other individuals to subscribe to the â€Å"Liberator†, as well as, another newspaper technically referred to as the â€Å"Anti-Slavery Standard†; and 2) continuing to lecture nationwide about his life and his thoughts about slavery (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). His lectures or speeches entail his personal experiences, for instance about, atrocious whippings set by â€Å"slave-owners to women, children, and elderly people†; â€Å"head of girl covered with festering sores†; â€Å"masters ‘breeding’ their female slaves†; â€Å" clergymen warning slaves that they would be offending God if they disobeyed their masters†; etc (From Slave to Abolitionist/Editor n.p.). Religion and Economic Status of Whites In addition to the aforementioned, he was so determined to â€Å"show how and why the institution of slavery works†, which in turn revealed its rough treatment and unfairness (Douglass n.p.). For Frederick Douglass, slavery is not â€Å"normal†, as opposed to the views of most people wherein religion and economic status has proven that whites should treat blacks as slaves (Douglass n.p.). Informing Through Writing Also, he exposed the evilness of slavery by writing to eventually inform the â€Å"white audience† with regards to the occurrence in the slave plantations including brutal and corrupt behaviors (Douglass n.p.). He wrote about effects or consequences of slavery including: 1) â€Å"slave owners impregnating their slaves†; 2) raping of Black women; 3) unfortunate fate of the slave’s children; 4) dehumanization of both slave owners and slaves; 4) physical effect/s – lash wounds; 5) emotional effects – the pain of knowing that you are unable to put an end to the situation (Douglass n.p.). Imagery For Frederick Douglass, the aforementioned consequences should be kept away from him (Penguin Group USA n.p.). The women who have undergone slavery or abuse that he wrote about were imageries for the purpose of safely keeping Frederick Douglass â€Å"himself from the dehumanized and demeaned body of the slave† (Penguin Group USA n.p.). This is why Frederick Douglass has to say all that about the consequences of slavery for Americans, black and white, North and South (Penguin Group USA n.p.). This is why he directly stated that slavery leads to abuses including, for instance, the: â€Å"stripping and whipping of a woman; beating of slaves; etc† (Penguin Group USA n.p.). References Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. 2006. SparkNotes LLC. 16 November 2007 Frederick Douglass. n.d. n.a. 16 November 2007 http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASdouglass.htm From Slavery to Abolitionist/Editor. n.d. n.a. 16 November 2007 http://www.history.rochester.edu/class/douglass/part2.html Penguin Group USA. Book Clubs/Reading Guide. 2007. n.a. 16 November 2007 http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:7nO6kn0StaAJ:us.penguingroup.com/static/rguides/us/narrative_life_of_frederick_douglass.html+consequences+of+slavery+%2B+Narrative+of+Frederick+Douglasshl=tlct=clnkcd=2gl=phclient=firefox-a How to cite Frederick Douglass, Essay examples Frederick Douglass Free Essays The American Slave In Sharon McElwee’s literary analysis of Frederic Douglass literary piece, â€Å"The Narrative of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, by Frederick Douglass,† Sharon breaks down the different key elements in Douglass’ story that make it so outstanding. Frederick Douglass is famous for his speech given during a time where slavery was still considered acceptable and was used by most wealthy white. Slavery was not viewed as cruel, but a valuable business that could earn them money. We will write a custom essay sample on Frederick Douglass or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although Douglass was not alone, his speech stands out among the others who were fighting for their freedom. Sharon first notices the use of repetition that Douglass uses in his work. She claims that this theme of repetition allows the reader to focus primarily on the content, or message, rather than the literary structure that may sometimes be distracting. Douglass left little room for the imagination and made sure to reiterate and describe exactly what he was saying. She gathers from his works that Douglass wanted to get one main point across; that slavery is dehumanizing and an unfair practice that should be done away with. Because Douglass mentioned these two things numerous times, the reader is able to really connect with the purpose of Douglass argument. Douglass would use words with negative connotation repeatedly throughout his descriptions to help emphasize the fact that nothing good was to be associated with slavery. Sharon even notes that each sentence has a formula that Douglass used to help eliminate any outside thought. Before the semicolon, the first word of each section is the, the second word is an adjective that ends in -er, the third word is either he or she, depending on the subject, and the final word of each section is a verb ending in -ed. This formula makes for easy reading, and again puts the emphasis on the act, allowing the reader to feel they are watching this event unfold in front of them and are able to create their own image instead of some made up, un realistic image that represents a false meaning. Sharon believes that Douglass strongest point throughout his entire work was the incident of the innocent slave being whipped by his slave master for no reason. Sympathy always helps the reader to feel more connected and emotionally involved with the piece. Douglass describes how an innocent slave is beaten for every action he made, no matter if it was right or wrong. This also is made even more powerful by a continuation of repetition throughout his description. Sharon see’s strength in Douglass writing when he describes the beauty of freedom as a ‘glorious resurrection from the tomb of slavery to the heaven of freedom. ’ During this time, the dominant religion was Christianity, therefore Douglass made a spiritual connection with the majority of his readers by making biblical references to the joy of being a free man. Although Sharon sees that Douglass, who is a Christian himself, hates any Christian who owns slaves. Douglass does a good job of hiding this fact from his readers due to his knowledge that a vast majority of his audience would indeed be slave owning Christians. Sharon agrees that Douglass is regarded as one of the greatest anti-slavery works ever written in American history. Through his use of repetition, his emotional and spiritual connection, and his confidence, Douglass was able to get people thinking about right and wrong. His clever writing made it clear and easy for the reader to fully understand his message, leaving no room for doubt about the way Douglass feels about what is going on around him. No fancy tricks, no crazy words, just quick and to the point. The reader gets a up-close and personal look at the unfair treatment of slaves and is allowed to fully understand why slavery should be abolished. I agree with everything that Sharon mentioned in her critique. I would have liked for her to focus more on Frederic Douglass himself and really dig deep into the kind of person he was. I believe, as a reader, that if I felt more acquainted with Frederic I would have connected with her analysis even more. But, Sharon stuck to her job and did a critique on the literary piece and not the author! How to cite Frederick Douglass, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Juveniles in the Adult Justice System free essay sample

It is often seen in the media these days more juveniles are committing serious crimes. Even more often now, we see these adolescents tried and punished as adults. Many are against this practice, but it is actually a smart decision. Often times the adolescent can rectify themselves, as seen in the case of Greg Ousley. A teenager who is capable of perpetrating horrible crimes should be able to handle, and be held accountable for, the punishment that comes along with them. Even though these adolescents may not be completely mature at the time of the crime, they are mentally, emotionally, and physically capable of making adult decisions and for that reason deserve adult consequences. With many of these cases, in which a juvenile does something horrendous such as murder, it is not a mistake or lapse in judgment. It seems kids convicted of these crimes have a desire to commit them. We will write a custom essay sample on Juveniles in the Adult Justice System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the case of a teenager murdering a woman and her husband in Chicago, Jenkins says, â€Å"†¦ he just wanted to ‘see what it would feel like to shoot someone’† (2). This was not a lack of impulse control. This was not an accident. This was a planned murder, outlined and executed by a teenager. Juveniles are capable of thinking of and committing such crimes – they should be capable of dealing with the consequences. Those against giving teenagers these sentences use the fact that their brains are not fully developed. This can indeed lead to erratic behavior and impulse decisions, but it does not mean the child can no longer decipher the difference between right and wrong. In his article, â€Å"Startling Finds on Teenage Brains,† Paul Thompson writes, â€Å"While research on brain-tissue loss can help us to understand teens better, it cannot be used to excuse their violent or homicidal behavior† (11). There will always be teenagers who seek out crime. This does not rely on the level of brain development, because â€Å"If brain development were the reason, then teens would kill at roughly the same rates all over the world. They do not† (Jenkins, 6). Crime is a choice, and those who make this choice should face efficient punishment regardless of their age. Despite the fact that teenage minds may not be fully developed at the time of the crime, this does not mean they should not be held accountable for their actions. There is also still a possibility of teenagers receiving a sentence modification. In the case of Greg Ousley, the prison sentence gave him time to think about why he killed his parents. He created goals for himself and worked hard enough that his prosecutor â€Å"agreed to allow the modification process to move forward, provided that none of the victims’ next of kin†¦ objected† (Anderson). This allows them the possibility to get out early, but only if they prove they are deserving. Because of this, those who work hard and prove they have reformed can be released into the world, while those who are still likely to commit crimes stay in a place where they are unable. The teenagers who wanted a life of crime receive the punishment they deserve, though there is still the possibility of reformation. Sometimes, juveniles make mistakes. However, there are some who deliberately plan out and commit crimes because they enjoy it. Adult punishment should be an option for teenagers who act this way. Juvenile punishment is not adequate to reform these characters; they would be released into the world with the chance of inflicting crime again. In the words of James Q. Wilson, â€Å"Some persons will shun crime even if we do nothing to deter them, while others will seek it out even if we do everything to reform them. Wicked people exist. Nothing avails except to set them apart from innocent people† (Jenkins, 1). Keeping the possibility of adult punishment open is about the only thing we can do.